Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Virol Sin. 2019 Apr;34(2):192-196. doi: 10.1007/s12250-019-00085-5. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling induces an antiviral state that includes the production of restriction factors that inhibit virus replication, thereby limiting the infection. As seen in other viral infections, type I IFN can also increase systemic immune activation which, in HIV disease, is one of the strongest predictors of disease progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. Moreover, IFN-I is associated with CD4 T cell depletion and attenuation of antigen-specific T cell responses. Therefore, therapeutic manipulation of IFN-I signaling to improve HIV disease outcome is a source of much interest and debate in the field. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of timing (acute vs. chronic infection) and have suggested that specific targeting of type I IFNs and their subtypes may help harness the beneficial roles of the IFN-I system while avoiding its deleterious activities.
在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染期间，I 型干扰素（IFN-I）信号诱导抗病毒状态，包括产生抑制病毒复制的限制因子，从而限制感染。与其他病毒感染一样，I 型 IFN 也可增加全身免疫激活，而在 HIV 疾病中，这是导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）以及非 AIDS 发病率和死亡率的最强预测因素之一。此外，IFN-I 与 CD4 T 细胞耗竭和抗原特异性 T 细胞反应的衰减有关。因此，针对 IFN-I 信号转导的治疗干预以改善 HIV 疾病结局是该领域非常关注和争议的一个问题。最近的研究强调了时机（急性与慢性感染）的重要性，并表明针对 I 型 IFNs 及其亚型的特定靶向可能有助于利用 IFN-I 系统的有益作用，同时避免其有害活性。
