Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
Department of Community-Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019 Feb;16(1):57-65. doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00435-8.
This theoretical review identifies physiological mechanisms by which violence against women (VAW) may increase women's susceptibility to HIV through trauma, stress, and immune dysfunction.
Research documents systemic and local immune responses are related to stress and trauma from abuse across the life course (i.e., childhood, IPV, adulthood re-victimization). Findings are interpreted within a theoretical framework grounded in the Social Stress Theory and the concept of toxic stress, and highlight the current state of the science connecting: (1) VAW to the physiological stress response and immune dysfunction, and (2) the physiological stress response and inflammation to HIV susceptibility and infection in the female reproductive tract. Despite a dearth of research in human subjects, evidence suggests that VAW plays a significant role in creating a physiological environment conducive to HIV infection. We conclude with a discussion of promising future steps for this line of research.
本理论综述旨在探讨女性遭受暴力（VAW）如何通过创伤、应激和免疫功能障碍使她们更容易感染 HIV。
研究表明，与虐待相关的系统和局部免疫反应贯穿女性一生（即，童年、IPV、成年后再次受害）。这些发现是在社会应激理论和毒性应激概念的理论框架内解释的，强调了将以下方面联系起来的科学现状：（1）VAW 与生理应激反应和免疫功能障碍，以及（2）生理应激反应和炎症与女性生殖道 HIV 易感性和感染。尽管在人体研究中证据匮乏，但有证据表明，VAW 在创造有利于 HIV 感染的生理环境方面发挥了重要作用。我们最后讨论了这一研究方向的有前景的未来步骤。
