Porter Kristen A, Turpin Jim, Begg Lisa, Brown Gina, Chakhtoura Nahida, Church Elizabeth, Grossman Cynthia, Wira Charles, Veronese Fulvia
1 Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
2 Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Oct/Nov;32(10-11):1149-1158. doi: 10.1089/aid.2016.0206.
Adolescent boys and girls are disproportionately affected in the current HIV epidemic. Numerous sociobehavioral studies have addressed the indirect drivers surrounding this vulnerability-for example, socioeconomic, geographical locale, and all forms of violence. However, the direct factors that may influence infection, such as the anatomical and physiological maturation of the anogenital tracts of adolescents or the trauma and wound-healing processes of injured mucosal tissue, are understudied and represent a gap within the HIV prevention field. This article reviews the epidemiology of HIV infection and violence in adolescents and the available basic science knowledge attending this research area. More importantly, this review highlights the most critical gaps that need to be addressed to design preventive interventions that are safe and effective for this population, which is key to ending the HIV pandemic.
在当前的艾滋病病毒流行中，青少年男孩和女孩受到的影响尤为严重。许多社会行为学研究探讨了导致这种易感性的间接驱动因素，例如社会经济状况、地理位置以及各种形式的暴力。然而，可能影响感染的直接因素，如青少年肛门生殖道的解剖和生理成熟情况，或受伤黏膜组织的创伤和伤口愈合过程，却研究不足，这是艾滋病病毒预防领域的一个空白。本文综述了青少年艾滋病病毒感染和暴力的流行病学情况以及该研究领域现有的基础科学知识。更重要的是，本综述突出了为该人群设计安全有效的预防干预措施时需要填补的最关键空白，这是终结艾滋病病毒大流行的关键。
