Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo-Vigo Campus, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Molecules. 2019 Feb 5;24(3):573. doi: 10.3390/molecules24030573.
An ultrasound rapid and low-cost procedure for anthocyanin-based colorants from L. fruit epicarp was developed, and the advantages were compared with conventional heat-based extraction. To obtain the conditions that maximize anthocyanins' extraction, a response surface methodology was applied using the variables of time, temperature, and ethanol content, in the case of heat extraction, whereas for ultrasound assisted extraction, temperature was replaced by ultrasound power. Two anthocyanin compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS-namely, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and peonidin 3-rutinoside. The responses used were the extraction yield and the content of the identified anthocyanins. Ultrasound extraction was the most effective method at 5.00 ± 0.15 min, 400.00 ± 32.00 W, and 47.98% ± 2.88% of ethanol obtaining 68.60% ± 2.06% of extracted residue, with an anthocyanin content of 18.17 mg/g (extract-basis) and 11.76 mg/g (epicarp-basis). Overall, a viable green process was achieved that could be used to support pilot-scale studies for industrial production of anthocyanin-based colorants from fruit epicarp.
开发了一种基于超声的快速、低成本方法，从蓝莓果皮中提取花色苷类天然色素，并将其与传统的热提取方法进行了比较。为了获得最大限度提取花色苷的条件，采用响应面法，研究了时间、温度和乙醇含量等变量对热提取和超声辅助提取的影响，其中超声辅助提取中用超声功率代替了温度。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-电喷雾串联质谱（HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS）联用技术鉴定了两种花色苷化合物，分别为矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷和芍药素-3-芸香糖苷。响应值为提取产率和鉴定花色苷的含量。在 5.00 ± 0.15 min、400.00 ± 32.00 W 和 47.98% ± 2.88%乙醇条件下，超声提取最为有效，可获得 68.60% ± 2.06%的提取残渣，花色苷含量为 18.17 mg/g（提取物基准）和 11.76 mg/g（果皮基准）。总之，实现了一种可行的绿色工艺，可以支持蓝莓果皮花色苷类天然色素工业化生产的中试研究。
