Department of Family Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah 40047, Saudi Arabia.
Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Feb 5;16(3):459. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030459.
Sleep apnea is a potentially serious but under-diagnosed sleep disorder. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, which are all major risk factors for sleep apnea. However, few studies report screening for sleep apnea in Saudi Arabia. A three-month prospective, questionnaire-based study, using the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), screened 319 patients attending a family medicine clinic in Saudi Arabia for risk of sleep apnea. The results showed that when using the BQ and the ESS, 95 (29.8%) and 102 (32.0%) respondents were at high risk of sleep apnea. Taken together, the BQ and the ESS combined measure showed that 41 (12.9%) respondents were classified as high risk for sleep apnea. Logistic regression revealed that the high risk of sleep apnea was statistically significantly ( < 0.05) associated with respondent characteristics of obesity and hypertension. No associations were found between high risk for sleep apnea and: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or hyperlipidemia. Screening for sleep apnea using the BQ and ESS questionnaires, particularly among those who are obese or hypertensive, can be a fast, valid and acceptable way of alerting the physician to this disorder among patients.
睡眠呼吸暂停是一种潜在的严重但诊断不足的睡眠障碍。沙特阿拉伯高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和吸烟的患病率很高,这些都是睡眠呼吸暂停的主要危险因素。然而,很少有研究报告在沙特阿拉伯筛查睡眠呼吸暂停。一项为期三个月的前瞻性、基于问卷的研究,使用柏林问卷(BQ)和 Epworth 嗜睡量表(ESS),对沙特阿拉伯一家家庭医学诊所的 319 名患者进行了睡眠呼吸暂停风险筛查。结果表明,使用 BQ 和 ESS 时,95(29.8%)和 102(32.0%)名受访者有睡眠呼吸暂停的高风险。综合来看,BQ 和 ESS 联合测量显示 41(12.9%)名受访者有睡眠呼吸暂停的高风险。Logistic 回归显示,睡眠呼吸暂停的高风险与肥胖和高血压患者的特征呈统计学显著相关(<0.05)。睡眠呼吸暂停高风险与吸烟、糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退症或高脂血症之间没有关联。使用 BQ 和 ESS 问卷筛查睡眠呼吸暂停,特别是在肥胖或高血压患者中,可以快速、有效和被接受的方式提醒医生注意患者中的这种疾病。
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