Martikainen Miika, Essand Magnus
Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Cancers (Basel). 2019 Feb 5;11(2):186. doi: 10.3390/cancers11020186.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults. Despite recent advances in cancer therapy, including the breakthrough of immunotherapy, the prognosis of GBM patients remains dismal. One of the new promising ways to therapeutically tackle the immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment is the use of engineered viruses that kill tumor cells via direct oncolysis and via stimulation of antitumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on recently published results of phase I/II clinical trials with different oncolytic viruses and the new interesting findings in preclinical models. From syngeneic preclinical GBM models, it seems evident that oncolytic virus-mediated destruction of GBM tissue coupled with strong adjuvant effect, provided by the robust stimulation of innate antiviral immune responses and adaptive anti-tumor T cell responses, can be harnessed as potent immunotherapy against GBM. Although clinical testing of oncolytic viruses against GBM is at an early stage, the promising results from these trials give hope for the effective treatment of GBM in the near future.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最常见的原发性脑肿瘤类型。尽管癌症治疗最近取得了进展，包括免疫疗法的突破，但GBM患者的预后仍然很差。治疗免疫抑制性GBM微环境的一种新的有前景的方法是使用工程病毒，这些病毒通过直接溶瘤和刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应来杀死肿瘤细胞。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注最近发表的不同溶瘤病毒的I/II期临床试验结果以及临床前模型中的新有趣发现。从同基因临床前GBM模型来看，溶瘤病毒介导的GBM组织破坏加上由强大的先天抗病毒免疫反应和适应性抗肿瘤T细胞反应的强烈刺激所提供的强大佐剂作用，似乎可以作为针对GBM的有效免疫疗法。尽管针对GBM的溶瘤病毒的临床试验尚处于早期阶段，但这些试验的有希望的结果为在不久的将来有效治疗GBM带来了希望。
