1Carilion Clinic Neurosurgery, Roanoke.
2Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke.
Neurosurg Focus. 2021 Feb;50(2):E8. doi: 10.3171/2020.11.FOCUS20842.
Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive resection, chemotherapeutics, and radiotherapy. Although understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma has progressed in recent years, therapeutic options have failed to significantly change overall survival or progression-free survival. Thus, researchers have begun to explore immunomodulation as a potential strategy to improve clinical outcomes. The application of oncolytic virotherapy as a novel biological to target pathogenic signaling in glioblastoma has brought new hope to the field of neuro-oncology. This class of immunotherapeutics combines selective cancer cell lysis prompted by virus induction while promoting a strong inflammatory antitumor response, thereby acting as an effective in situ tumor vaccine. Several investigators have reported the efficacy of experimental oncolytic viruses as demonstrated by improved long-term survival in cancer patients with advanced disease. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most well-researched oncolytic viruses known to affect a multitude of human cancers, including glioblastoma. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human clinical trials have demonstrated that NDV exhibits oncolytic activity against glioblastoma, providing a promising avenue of potential treatment. Herein, the authors provide a detailed discussion on NDV as a mode of therapy for glioblastoma. They discuss the potential therapeutic pathways associated with NDV as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as results from human trials. Moreover, they discuss current challenges, potential solutions, and future perspectives in utilizing NDV in the treatment of glioblastoma.
胶质母细胞瘤是成人中最常见的原发性脑肿瘤，尽管进行了积极的切除、化疗和放疗，但其预后仍然不佳。尽管近年来对胶质母细胞瘤的分子发病机制有了更多的了解，但治疗选择未能显著改变总生存期或无进展生存期。因此，研究人员开始探索免疫调节作为改善临床结果的潜在策略。溶瘤病毒治疗作为一种靶向胶质母细胞瘤致病信号的新型生物疗法，为神经肿瘤学领域带来了新的希望。这类免疫疗法结合了病毒诱导的选择性癌细胞溶解，同时促进强烈的炎症抗肿瘤反应，从而充当有效的原位肿瘤疫苗。一些研究人员报告了实验性溶瘤病毒的疗效，表明晚期癌症患者的长期生存率得到了提高。新城疫病毒（NDV）是研究最广泛的溶瘤病毒之一，已知可影响多种人类癌症，包括胶质母细胞瘤。临床前体外和体内研究以及人类临床试验表明，NDV 对胶质母细胞瘤具有溶瘤活性，为潜在治疗提供了有希望的途径。在此，作者详细讨论了 NDV 作为胶质母细胞瘤治疗方法的模式。他们讨论了 NDV 与体外和体内实验以及人类试验结果相关的潜在治疗途径。此外，他们还讨论了在胶质母细胞瘤治疗中利用 NDV 目前面临的挑战、潜在解决方案和未来展望。
