State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019 Feb;154:7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.12.002. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Benzothiazole (BZO) is an antimicrobial secondary metabolite volatilized by many plants and microbes. However, the mechanism of BZO against phytopathogens is still unclear. Here, we found that BZO has antimicrobial activity against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici. Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated that BZO significantly suppressed the expression of genes and proteins involved in morphology, abiotic stress defense and detoxification, but induced the activity of apoptosis. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining confirmed that the process of apoptosis was significantly induced by BZO at concentration of 150 mg L. FITC-phalloidin actin-cytoskeleton staining combined with hyphal cell wall staining and hyphal ultrastructure studies further confirmed that BZO disrupted the cell membrane and hyphal morphology through disrupting the cytoskeleton, eventually inhibiting the growth of hyphae. These data demonstrated that BZO has multiple modes of action and may act as potential leading compound for the development of new oomycete fungicides. These results also showed that the combination of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches was a useful method for exploring the novel antifungal mechanisms of natural compounds.
苯并噻唑（BZO）是许多植物和微生物挥发的一种抗菌次生代谢物。然而，BZO 对植物病原菌的作用机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现 BZO 对卵菌病原体辣椒疫霉具有抗菌活性。转录组和蛋白质组分析表明，BZO 显著抑制了形态、非生物胁迫防御和解毒相关基因和蛋白的表达，但诱导了细胞凋亡。Annexin V-FITC/PI 染色证实，BZO 在 150mg/L 浓度下显著诱导了细胞凋亡过程。FITC-鬼笔环肽肌动蛋白细胞骨架染色结合菌丝细胞壁染色和菌丝超微结构研究进一步证实，BZO 通过破坏细胞骨架破坏了细胞膜和菌丝形态，最终抑制了菌丝生长。这些数据表明，BZO 具有多种作用模式，可能作为开发新型卵菌杀菌剂的潜在先导化合物。这些结果还表明，转录组和蛋白质组学方法的结合是探索天然化合物新型抗真菌机制的有用方法。
