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土壤生物群体会影响植物竞争者之间新相互作用的结果吗?

Do soil biota influence the outcome of novel interactions between plant competitors?

作者信息

Cardinaux Aline, Hart Simon P, Alexander Jake M

机构信息

Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

J Ecol. 2018 Aug 13;106(5):1853-1863. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13029.

Abstract
  1. Species are shifting their ranges, for example to higher elevations, in response to climate change. Different plant species and soil microbiota will likely shift their ranges at different rates, giving rise to novel communities of plants and soil organisms. However, the ecological consequences of such novel plant-soil interactions are poorly understood. We experimentally simulated scenarios for novel interactions arising between high- and low elevation plants and soil biota following asynchronous climate change range shifts, asking to what extent the ability of plants to coexist depends on the origin of the soil biota. 2. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew pairs of low- ( and ) and high- ( and ) elevation plant species alone and against a density gradient of con- or heterospecific neighbours. Plants grew on sterilized field soil that was inoculated with a soil community sampled from either low- or high elevation in the western Swiss Alps. We used the experiment to parameterize competition models, from which we predicted the population-level outcomes of competition in the presence of the different soil biota. 3. In the absence of neighbours, three of the four species produced more biomass with the low elevation soil biota. As a result of generally similar responses across plant species, soil biota tended not to affect plant interaction outcomes, with the low elevation species generally predicted to competitively exclude high elevation species irrespective of the soil biota origin. However, the low elevation grass was only able to invade communities of in the presence of a low elevation soil biota. This suggests that, at least in some cases, the outcome of novel competitive interactions between plants following climate change will depend on whether shifts in the distribution of plant and soil organisms are asynchronous. 4. . Our results indicate that the changing soil communities that plants encounter during range expansion can influence plant performance. However, this is only likely to alter expectations for the ability of plants to coexist following climate change if plant species respond differently to the change in the soil community.
摘要
  1. 物种正在改变其分布范围,例如向更高海拔迁移,以应对气候变化。不同的植物物种和土壤微生物群可能会以不同的速率改变其分布范围,从而形成新的植物和土壤生物群落。然而,这种新的植物 - 土壤相互作用的生态后果却知之甚少。我们通过实验模拟了在异步气候变化范围转移后,高海拔和低海拔植物与土壤生物区系之间出现新相互作用的情景,探究植物共存能力在多大程度上取决于土壤生物区系的来源。2. 在温室实验中,我们单独种植了低海拔(和)和高海拔(和)植物物种对,并使其与同物种或异物种邻居的密度梯度相互竞争。植物生长在经过灭菌处理的田间土壤上,该土壤接种了从瑞士西部阿尔卑斯山低海拔或高海拔地区采集的土壤群落。我们利用该实验对竞争模型进行参数化,据此预测在不同土壤生物区系存在的情况下竞争的种群水平结果。3. 在没有邻居的情况下,四个物种中的三个在低海拔土壤生物区系中产生了更多的生物量。由于不同植物物种的反应总体相似,土壤生物区系往往不会影响植物相互作用的结果,无论土壤生物区系的来源如何,低海拔物种通常预计会在竞争中排除高海拔物种。然而,低海拔草种只有在存在低海拔土壤生物区系的情况下才能侵入的群落。这表明,至少在某些情况下,气候变化后植物之间新的竞争相互作用的结果将取决于植物和土壤生物分布的变化是否异步。4. 我们的结果表明,植物在范围扩张过程中遇到的不断变化的土壤群落会影响植物的表现。然而,只有当植物物种对土壤群落变化的反应不同时,这才可能改变对气候变化后植物共存能力的预期。

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