Bever James D
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
New Phytol. 2003 Mar;157(3):465-473. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00714.x.
A growing body of empirical work suggests that soil organisms can exert a strong role in plant community dynamics and may contribute to the coexistence of plant species. Some of this evidence comes from examining the feedback on plant growth through changes in the composition of the soil community. Host specific changes in soil community composition can generate feedback on plant growth and this feedback can be positive or negative. Previous work has demonstrated that negative soil community feedback can contribute to the coexistence of equivalent competitors. In this paper, I show that negative soil community feedback can also contribute to the coexistence of strong competitors, maintaining plant species that would not coexist in the absence of soil community dynamics. I review the evidence for soil community feedback and find accumulating evidence that soil community feedback can be common, strongly negative, and generated by a variety of complementary soil microbial mechanisms, including host-specific changes in the composition of the rhizosphere bacteria, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and mycorrhizal fungi. Finally, I suggest topics needing further examination.
越来越多的实证研究表明，土壤生物在植物群落动态中可发挥重要作用，并可能有助于植物物种的共存。部分证据来自于通过土壤群落组成的变化来考察对植物生长的反馈。土壤群落组成中特定宿主的变化可对植物生长产生反馈，且这种反馈可能是正反馈或负反馈。先前的研究表明，负性土壤群落反馈有助于同等竞争力物种的共存。在本文中，我表明负性土壤群落反馈也有助于强势竞争者的共存，维持那些在没有土壤群落动态时无法共存的植物物种。我回顾了土壤群落反馈的证据，发现越来越多的证据表明，土壤群落反馈可能很常见、具有强烈的负性，并且由多种互补的土壤微生物机制产生，包括根际细菌、线虫、致病真菌和菌根真菌组成中特定宿主的变化。最后，我提出了需要进一步研究的主题。
