Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062 (HP), India.
Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
Plant Cell Environ. 2019 Jul;42(7):2075-2089. doi: 10.1111/pce.13536. Epub 2019 Apr 12.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is susceptible to low temperature (LT) at reproductive stage. LT causes flower abortion and delays pod set in chickpea until terminal drought becomes an issue, thereby decreasing yield potential. In chickpea, flower and anther/pollen development as well as LT-induced abnormalities on anther and pollen development are described inadequately. In the present manuscript, we report flower development stages, anther development stages, and aberrations in male gamete formation in chickpea under LT. Flower length was linearly correlated to flower and anther stages and can be used to predict these stages in chickpea. LT affected male gamete development in a flower/anther age-dependent manner where outcome ranged from no pollen formation to pollen sterility or no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscence. In anthers, LT inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneration, breakage of septum and stomium, and induced pollen sterility. Whereas disruption of male function was the prime cause of abortion in flowers below vacuolated pollen stage, flower abortion was due to a combination of male and female reproductive functions in flowers with mature pollen. The study will help in elucidating mechanisms governing flower development, anther and pollen development, and tolerance/susceptibility to LT.
鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）在生殖阶段对低温（LT）敏感。LT 会导致鹰嘴豆花蕾败育，并延迟荚果的形成，直到终期干旱成为问题，从而降低产量潜力。在鹰嘴豆中，花和花药/花粉的发育以及 LT 诱导的花药和花粉发育异常描述不足。在本手稿中，我们报告了 LT 下鹰嘴豆花发育阶段、花药发育阶段和雄性配子体形成中的异常。花的长度与花和花药阶段呈线性相关，可用于预测鹰嘴豆花的这些阶段。LT 以花/花药年龄依赖的方式影响雄性配子体的发育，其结果从无花粉形成到花粉不育或无花药开裂到延迟开裂不等。在花药中，LT 抑制小孢子发生、小配子发生、绒毡层退化、隔膜和胎座破裂，并诱导花粉不育。虽然雄性功能的破坏是花粉液泡化前花朵败育的主要原因，但在花粉成熟的花朵中，花朵败育是由于雄性和雌性生殖功能的结合。该研究将有助于阐明控制花发育、花药和花粉发育以及对 LT 的耐受/敏感性的机制。
