Wu Feng, Yang Haoyi, Bai Ying, Wu Chuan
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Adv Mater. 2019 Apr;31(16):e1806510. doi: 10.1002/adma.201806510. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
Aluminum metal is a high-energy-density carrier with low cost, and thus endows rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) with the potential to act as an inexpensive and efficient electrochemical device, so as to supplement the increasing demand for energy storage and conversion. Despite the enticing aspects regarding cost and energy density, the poor reversibility of electrodes has limited the pursuit of RABs for a long time. Fortunately, ionic-liquid electrolytes enable reversible aluminum plating/stripping at room temperature, and they lay the very foundation of RABs. In order to integrate with the aluminum-metal anode, the selection of the cathode is pivotal, but is limited at present. The scant option of a reliable cathode can be accounted for by the intrinsic high charge density of Al ions, which results in sluggish diffusion. Hence, reliable cathode materials are a key challenge of burgeoning RABs. Herein, the main focus is on the insertion cathodes for RABs also termed aluminum-ion batteries, and the recent progress and optimization methods are summarized. Finally, an outlook is presented to navigate the possible future work.
金属铝是一种低成本的高能量密度载体，因此可使可充电铝电池（RABs）有潜力成为一种廉价且高效的电化学装置，以满足日益增长的能量存储和转换需求。尽管在成本和能量密度方面具有诱人的优势，但电极的较差可逆性长期以来限制了对RABs的研究。幸运的是，离子液体电解质能够在室温下实现铝的可逆电镀/脱镀，为RABs奠定了基础。为了与铝金属阳极相匹配，阴极的选择至关重要，但目前受到限制。可靠阴极的选择较少可归因于铝离子固有的高电荷密度，这导致扩散缓慢。因此，可靠的阴极材料是新兴RABs面临的关键挑战。在此，主要关注用于RABs（也称为铝离子电池）的插入式阴极，并总结了近期进展和优化方法。最后，对未来可能的工作方向进行了展望。
