a Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management , SVKM's NMIMS , Mumbai , India.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2019 Jun;45(6):869-881. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1583757. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
Among lipid-based nanocarriers, multi-layered cochleates emerge as a novel delivery system because of prevention of oxidation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, enhancement in permeability, and reduction in dose of drugs. It also improves oral bioavailability and increases the safety of a drug by targeting at a specific site with less side effects. Nanostructured cochleates are used as a carrier for the delivery of water-insoluble or hydrophobic drugs of anticancer, antiviral and anti-inflammatory action. This review article focuses on different methods for preparation of cochleates, mechanism of formation of cochleates, mechanism of action like cochleate undergoes macrophagic endocytosis and release the drug into the systemic circulation by acting on membrane proteins, phospholipids, and receptors. Advanced methods such as calcium-substituted and β-cyclodextrin-based cochleates, novel techniques include microfluidic and modified trapping method. Cochleates showed enhancement in oral bioavailability of amphotericin B, delivery of factor VII, oral mucosal vaccine adjuvant-delivery system, and delivery of volatile oil. In near future, cochleate will be one of the interesting delivery systems to overcome the stability and encapsulation efficiency issues associated with liposomes. The current limiting factors for commercial preparation of cochleates involve high cost of manufacturing, lack of standardization, and specialized equipments.
在基于脂质的纳米载体中，多层螺旋体作为一种新型的给药系统出现，因为它可以防止疏水性和亲水性药物的氧化，增强药物的通透性，并减少药物的剂量。它还可以通过靶向特定部位，减少副作用，提高药物的口服生物利用度和安全性。纳米结构的螺旋体被用作水不溶性或疏水性抗癌、抗病毒和抗炎药物的载体。本文综述了不同的螺旋体制备方法、螺旋体的形成机制、作用机制，如螺旋体通过巨噬细胞内吞作用，并通过作用于膜蛋白、磷脂和受体将药物释放到体循环中。先进的方法，如钙取代和β-环糊精基螺旋体，新的技术包括微流控和改良的捕获方法。螺旋体提高了两性霉素 B 的口服生物利用度、因子 VII 的递送、口腔黏膜疫苗佐剂递送系统和挥发油的递送。在不久的将来，螺旋体将成为一种有趣的给药系统，以克服与脂质体相关的稳定性和包封效率问题。目前，螺旋体制备的商业化面临的限制因素包括制造成本高、缺乏标准化和专用设备。
