头部创伤在混合武术中因性别和体重级别而异。
Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts Varies According to Sex and Weight Class.
机构信息
Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
School of Exercise Science, Physical, and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2019 May/Jun;11(3):280-285. doi: 10.1177/1941738119827966. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
BACKGROUND
Brain injury arising from head trauma is a major concern in mixed martial arts (MMA) because knockout (KO) and technical knockout (TKO) are frequent fight outcomes. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of matches ending due to strikes to the head but did not consider weight categories and female fights. This study aimed at analyzing match stoppages in MMA and the exposure to head trauma distinguished by sex and weight categories.
HYPOTHESIS
The heavier the weight class, the greater the risk and incidence of head trauma will be, regardless of sex.
STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive epidemiology study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
METHODS
Publicly available data of 167 MMA events from 1903 fights between 2014 and 2017 were assessed, comprising 8 male and 2 female weight categories.
RESULTS
The combined KO/TKO rates per 100 athlete-exposures in the middleweight (19.53), light heavyweight (20.8), and heavyweight (26.09) divisions were greater than previously reported for MMA. While stoppage via KO/TKO occurred in 7.9% of combats in the female strawweight division, it occurred in 52.1% of the male heavyweight fights. The male middleweight ( P = 0.001), light heavyweight ( P < 0.001), and heavyweight divisions ( P < 0.001) had an increased risk of KO/TKO due to strikes to the head by 80%, 100%, and 206%, respectively. The risk in the flyweight division decreased 62% ( P = 0.001). All categories were compared with the lightweight division. The female bantamweight category presented a 221% increased risk in matches ending due to KO/TKO compared with the strawweight division ( P = 0.012). Punches to the head were the major technique used to end a combat via KO/TKO, regardless of sex and weight class.
CONCLUSION
Head injury risk and incidence varies considerably according to sex and weight category in MMA.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The analysis of head trauma exposure in MMA athletes should be distinguished according to sex and weight category.
背景
头部创伤引起的脑损伤是综合格斗（MMA）的主要关注点，因为击倒（KO）和技术击倒（TKO）是常见的比赛结果。先前的研究表明，由于头部受到打击而导致比赛结束的情况发生率很高，但没有考虑到体重级别和女子比赛。本研究旨在分析 MMA 比赛中的比赛停止情况以及根据性别和体重级别区分的头部创伤暴露情况。
假设
体重级别越重，头部创伤的风险和发生率就越高，无论性别如何。
研究设计
描述性流行病学研究。
证据水平
3 级。
方法
评估了 2014 年至 2017 年期间 1903 场比赛中 167 项 MMA 赛事的公开可用数据，包括 8 个男子和 2 个女子体重级别。
结果
中量级（19.53）、轻重量级（20.8）和重量级（26.09）分区的每 100 名运动员暴露的 KO/TKO 率均高于之前报道的 MMA 水平。虽然在女子蝇量级分区的战斗中，通过 KO/TKO 停止的比例为 7.9%，但在男子重量级比赛中，这一比例为 52.1%。男子中量级（P=0.001）、轻重量级（P<0.001）和重量级（P<0.001）分区因头部受击导致 KO/TKO 的风险分别增加了 80%、100%和 206%。蝇量级分区的风险降低了 62%（P=0.001）。所有类别均与轻量级分区进行比较。与蝇量级分区相比，女子雏量级分区因 KO/TKO 而结束的比赛风险增加了 221%（P=0.012）。无论性别和体重级别如何，用拳头击打头部是通过 KO/TKO 结束比赛的主要技术。
结论
MMA 中，根据性别和体重级别，头部受伤的风险和发生率差异很大。
临床意义
应根据性别和体重级别区分 MMA 运动员的头部创伤暴露情况。
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