National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, China.
Environ Res. 2019 May;172:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
Ensuring spontaneously adjusting behaviors of the public in their daily life in response to heat waves is an important aspect of successful public health intervention under climate change. However, the current response behavior guidance released by the government is insufficient because of the limited understanding of public perceptions of heat-related risk and the motivating factors for the public's diverse adaptive behaviors. Here, we conducted a survey on the behavioral adaptations of 3065 urban residents in response to heat waves in Jinan, which is a typical city suffering from a hot climate. We provided evidence on the current state of residents' perception of heat waves and the mechanism of how risk perception mediates individual behavioral intentions upon exposure to high ambient temperatures. We found that the mediating effects of risk perception varied significantly with respect to different types of adaptive behaviors. Concern behaviors appeared be motivated completely by the mediating effects of perceived concern (b = 0.45, p < 0.01 for concerns about health guidelines; b = 0.36, p < 0.01 for concerns about the weather forecast) and severity (b = 0.11, p < 0.01 for concerns about health guidelines), while outdoor activity could be consciously adjusted according to temperature changes without those mediating effects (p > 0.05). Indoor cooling behaviors and transportation behaviors are partially mediated by risk perception (b = -0.04, p < 0.01; b = 0.08, p < 0.01; b = 0.08, p < 0.01 for indoor fan usage, use of air-conditioned buses, and use of private cars, respectively). The conclusions could help determine more targeted and detailed interventions to enhance public behavioral adjustments, including participation in adaption to and emergency preparedness for extreme temperature under the ongoing climate changes.
确保公众在日常生活中自发调整行为以应对热浪是气候变化下成功实施公共卫生干预的一个重要方面。然而，由于政府对公众对与热相关风险的认知以及公众多样化适应行为的驱动因素的理解有限，目前发布的响应行为指南还不够完善。在这里，我们对济南 3065 名城市居民在热浪中的行为适应情况进行了调查，济南是一个深受炎热气候影响的典型城市。我们提供了有关居民对热浪的感知现状以及风险感知如何在个体暴露于高温环境时调节个体行为意图的机制的证据。我们发现，风险感知的中介效应因不同类型的适应行为而有显著差异。关注行为似乎完全由感知关注的中介效应驱动（关注健康指南的关注行为 b = 0.45，p < 0.01；关注天气预报的关注行为 b = 0.36，p < 0.01）和严重性（关注健康指南的 b = 0.11，p < 0.01），而户外活动可以根据温度变化有意识地进行调整，而无需这些中介效应（p > 0.05）。室内降温行为和交通行为部分由风险感知中介（室内电扇使用 b = -0.04，p < 0.01；使用空调巴士 b = 0.08，p < 0.01；使用私家车 b = 0.08，p < 0.01）。这些结论有助于确定更有针对性和详细的干预措施，以增强公众的行为调整，包括参与适应和应对持续气候变化下的极端温度的应急准备。
