Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163, Italy.
DISC Department, Genoa Dental School, Genoa University, Italy.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2019 May;93:36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.005. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
Air abrasion is used in dentistry for cavity opening, post-endodontic cavity cleaning, and removal of hard deposits or stains. Different applications may require different settings. We aimed to gain better understanding of the effect of some operating parameters on the efficiency of air abrasion on a model dental material. We abraded lithium disilicate glass-ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) with Prepstart H2O device (Danville) and 27-µm-size aluminium oxide abrasive (Danville). At 5 bar constant pressure, we varied incidence direction, treatment time, distance, powder consumption, and supporting medium, in separate experiments addressing individual aspects. The abraded surfaces were characterized by stylus profilometer XP-2 (Ambios). Laboratory condition of normal incidence at fixed direction showed threefold increased volume abrasion vs 45° incidence and oscillating direction. Working in air, 2 mm distance was more efficient than 1 and 5 mm, likely due to its influence on the abrading particles speed. Maximum vs medium powder consumption decreased the abraded volume, while increasing the treated area. Using water restricted the treated surface. To minimize the risk of dental material damage, the best conditions should be 45° direction and 5 mm distance, which both increase the treated area. To counteract this, water may be used. The most abrasive condition is instead 90°, at intermediate 2 mm distance. In most cases, abraded volume scales linearly with time. The present combination of device and abrasive can be effective even on enamel-like ceramic material. Tuning air abrasion settings to the specific dental application appears to be necessary.
空气喷砂技术在口腔医学中被广泛应用于开髓、根管治疗后的窝洞清洁以及去除硬组织沉积物或污渍等方面。不同的应用可能需要不同的参数设置。本研究旨在深入了解一些操作参数对某种牙科模型材料喷砂效率的影响。我们使用 Prepstart H2O 设备（Danville）和 27-µm 粒径的氧化铝磨料（Danville）对锂硅玻璃陶瓷块（IPS e.max CAD，Ivoclar Vivadent）进行喷砂处理。在 5 bar 恒定压力下，我们通过单独的实验分别改变入射角度、处理时间、距离、粉末消耗和支撑介质等参数，以研究其对喷砂效率的影响。使用 XP-2 触针轮廓仪（Ambios）对喷砂后的表面进行分析。在实验室条件下，以固定方向进行正常入射的喷砂效率是 45°入射和摆动方向的三倍。在空气中工作时，2 mm 的距离比 1 mm 和 5 mm 更有效，这可能是由于其对磨料颗粒速度的影响。最大 vs 中等粉末消耗减少了喷砂体积，而增加了处理面积。使用水会限制处理表面。为了最大程度地降低牙科材料损伤的风险，最佳条件应为 45°方向和 5 mm 距离，这两个条件都能增加处理面积。为了抵消这一影响，可以使用水。而在 90°方向和中等 2 mm 距离的条件下喷砂效果最强烈。在大多数情况下，喷砂体积与时间呈线性关系。目前所使用的设备和磨料组合即使在类似牙釉质的陶瓷材料上也能有效发挥作用。因此，针对特定的牙科应用调整空气喷砂参数似乎是必要的。
