Dor E, Eizenberg H, Joel D M, Levitin E, Hershenhorn J
Department of Weed Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
Plant Dis. 2008 Apr;92(4):655. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-92-4-0655C.
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are obligatory parasitic weeds that infect roots of vegetables and field crops worldwide, resulting in severe damage. Orobanche crenata Forsk is common in agricultural fields in the Mediterranean Basin, Southern Europe, and the Middle East and is known as an important scourge of grain and forage legumes and of some Apiaceous crops such as carrot (Daucus carota L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) (3,4). To our knowledge, in this note, we report for the first time on Anemone coronaria L. (Ranunculaceae) as a new host for O. crenata and this is also the first report of Orobanche parasitism on a geophytic crop. Anemone (Anemone coronaria L.) is a high-value ornamental crop, which is commercially grown for cut flowers. Four anemone cultivars (Meron Red, Galil White, Jerusalem Blue, and Jerusalem Pink) were planted in September 2006 in a 2-ha field in Israel. The previous crop, broad bean (Vicia faba L.), was heavily infected during 2005 by O. crenata. In February 2007, O. crenata parasitized the anemone plants and developed numerous fertile flowering stalks throughout the field. The four anemone cultivars were equally infected by the parasite. Additional flowering stalks were still emerging on anemone plants during July 2007. Washing the root system clearly verified direct connection between the parasite and anemone roots. The parasite species was identified morphologically after Flora Europea (1) and Flora Palaestina (2). In addition, the stem had the fragrance typical of O. crenata. Neither symptoms nor visible qualitative or quantitative damage could be detected on infected anemone plants compared with noninfected plants. However, anemone appears to be an alternate host on which O. crenata can produce additional seed for the parasite seed bank. References: (1) A. O. Chater and D. A. Webb. Orobanche. Page 285 in: Flora Europaea. T. G. Tutin et al., eds. Vol. 3. University Press, Cambridge, 1972. (2) N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Page 210 in: Flora Palaestina. Vol. 3. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, 1978. (3) D. M. Joel et al. Hortic. Rev. 33:267, 2007. (4) C. Parker and C. R. Riches. Page 111 in: Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, Great Britain, 1993.
列当属植物（列当属）是专性寄生杂草，会侵染全球范围内蔬菜和大田作物的根部，造成严重损害。齿裂列当属植物在地中海盆地、南欧和中东的农田中很常见，是谷物和饲用豆类以及一些伞形科作物（如胡萝卜（野胡萝卜）和芹菜（旱芹））的重要害虫（3,4）。据我们所知，在本报告中，我们首次报道了冠状银莲花（毛茛科）是齿裂列当属植物的新寄主，这也是列当属植物寄生在地生作物上的首次报道。银莲花（冠状银莲花）是一种高价值的观赏作物，主要用于商业切花种植。2006年9月，四个银莲花品种（梅隆红、加利尔白、耶路撒冷蓝和耶路撒冷粉）种植在以色列一块2公顷的田地中。前茬作物蚕豆（蚕豆）在2005年被齿裂列当属植物严重侵染。2007年2月，齿裂列当属植物寄生在银莲花植株上，并在整块田地中长出了许多能结实的花茎。这四个银莲花品种被这种寄生虫同等程度地侵染。2007年7月，银莲花植株上仍有更多花茎长出。清洗根系清楚地证实了寄生虫与银莲花根部之间的直接联系。根据《欧洲植物志》（1）和《巴勒斯坦植物志》（2）从形态上鉴定了寄生虫种类。此外，茎具有齿裂列当属植物特有的气味。与未感染的植株相比，在感染齿裂列当属植物的银莲花植株上未检测到症状或可见的定性或定量损害。然而，银莲花似乎是一种替代寄主，齿裂列当属植物可在其上为寄生虫种子库产生更多种子。参考文献：（1）A. O. Chater和D. A. Webb。列当属。载于《欧洲植物志》第2册。T. G. Tutin等人编。第3卷。剑桥大学出版社，剑桥，1972年。（2）N. Feinbrun-Dothan。载于《巴勒斯坦植物志》第3册。以色列科学院和人文学院，耶路撒冷，1978年。（3）D. M. Joel等人。《园艺学评论》33:267，2007年。（4）C. Parker和C. R. Riches。载于《世界寄生杂草：生物学与防治》第111页。CAB国际出版社，英国沃灵福德，1993年。
