Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, Street João Rosa Góes, Vila Progresso, Dourados, MS, 79.825-070, Brazil.
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, Street João Rosa Góes, Vila Progresso, Dourados, MS, 79.825-070, Brazil.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019 Apr;76(3):483-495. doi: 10.1007/s00244-019-00603-2. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
The objective of this study was to evaluate toxicogenetic potential of surface water samples from rivers of center-west Brazil and analyze the influence of land use and cover and physicochemical parameters in genetic damage. Samples were collected during winter (June) and summer (November) at sampling sites from Dourados and Brilhante Rivers (Mato Grosso do Sul/Brazil). The toxicogenetic variables, including chromosomal alterations, micronuclei, and mitotic index, were analyzed in meristematic cells of Allium cepa; and micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities, and DNA strand breaks (arbitrary units, AU) were analyzed in erythrocytes of Astyanax lacustris. The rivers presented physicochemical values outside the Brazilian laws, which can be a characteristic of human pollution (domestic sewage and local agriculture). The results of A. cepa test suggest that the water samples from Dourados and Brilhante rivers exerted significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, in both periods of collection, especially alterations in mitotic index. In blood cells of A. lacustris, genotoxic effect of the water samples from the rivers also was observed as significant nuclear abnormalities, DNA breaks (UA), in both sampling periods, compared with the negative control. Spearman correlation analyses revealed that data of land use and cover and physicochemical parameters were statistically correlated with DNA damages in bioassays. This study demonstrates toxicogenetic potential of water samples from Dourados and Brilhante rivers; furthermore, the type of land use and land cover and physicochemical parameters were revealed to have influence on toxicogenetic damage.
本研究旨在评估巴西中西部河流地表水样本的遗传毒性，并分析土地利用和覆盖以及理化参数对遗传损伤的影响。样本于冬季（6 月）和夏季（11 月）在多若热里斯市和布里兰特斯市（巴西马托格罗索州）的河流采样点采集。毒理遗传学变量，包括染色体改变、微核和有丝分裂指数，在洋葱根尖细胞中进行分析；微核、核异常和 DNA 链断裂（任意单位，AU）在雅罗鱼的红细胞中进行分析。这些河流的理化值超出了巴西法律的规定，这可能是人类污染（生活污水和当地农业）的特征。洋葱根尖试验的结果表明，多若热里斯河和布里兰特斯河的水样在两个采集期均表现出显著的细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用（p<0.05），特别是有丝分裂指数的改变。在雅罗鱼的血细胞中，水样也表现出遗传毒性作用，表现为核异常和 DNA 断裂（UA）显著增加，与阴性对照相比，两个采样期均如此。Spearman 相关分析显示，土地利用和覆盖以及理化参数的数据与生物测定中的 DNA 损伤呈统计学相关。本研究表明，多若热里斯河和布里兰特斯河的水样具有遗传毒性潜力；此外，土地利用和土地覆盖类型以及理化参数对遗传毒性损伤有影响。
