Department of Kinesiology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California.
Department of Kinesiology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California.
Am J Prev Med. 2019 Apr;56(4):522-529. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.004. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Nature exposure is associated with many wellbeing benefits. However, the influence of green space on the physical activity and social behaviors of children is not completely understood. The purpose of the study was to complete a stepwise impact evaluation of a large-scale playground greening project at a Title 1 elementary school in Los Angeles, California.
Physical activity and social interaction data were collected with direct observation and accelerometers pre-, immediately post-, and 4 months post-greening at control (students enrolled=393) and experimental (students enrolled=538) locations from 2016 to 2017. Effects of relevant variables on recess behavior were analyzed with linear mixed models in 2018.
Zone popularity and recess behaviors did not change for control students during the study (p>0.05). Areas replaced by green space became the most popular for experimental students who transitioned from traditional playground games/sports to tag/chasing, gymnastics, climbing/jumping, and creative play. The percentage of students observed as sedentary decreased by 10.0% (95% CI=4.9%, 15.0%) at 4 months, p=0.003. Vigorous activity participation increased pre to post at the individual (48.5%, 95% CI=29.1%, 67.9%, p<0.001) and population level (41.2%, 95% CI=27.3%, 55.1%, p=0.003) and remained higher than pre-greening at 4 months (p<0.05) for girls in the experimental group only. The moderate to vigorous physical activity differential between green space and hardscape was greater for fifth graders than all other grades, p=0.002. Student physical and verbal conflict rates decreased below pre-greening rates after 4 months for the experimental group, p<0.001.
Results suggest that adding green space to asphalt-covered schoolyards helps expose children to nature, increases daily activity levels, and promotes social wellbeing in sex- and age-dependent ways.
自然接触与许多健康益处有关。然而，绿色空间对儿童身体活动和社交行为的影响尚不完全清楚。本研究的目的是对加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的一所一级特许学校的大型游乐场绿化项目进行逐步影响评估。
2016 年至 2017 年，通过直接观察和加速度计在绿化前、立即后和 4 个月后，在控制组（注册学生=393 人）和实验组（注册学生=538 人）的对照点收集身体活动和社交互动数据。2018 年，采用线性混合模型分析了相关变量对课间休息行为的影响。
在研究期间，对照组学生的区域受欢迎程度和课间休息行为没有变化（p>0.05）。被绿色空间取代的区域成为实验学生的最爱，他们从传统的操场游戏/运动转变为追逐、体操、攀爬/跳跃和创意游戏。观察到的久坐学生比例下降了 10.0%（95%CI=4.9%，15.0%），p=0.003。个体（48.5%，95%CI=29.1%，67.9%，p<0.001）和群体水平（41.2%，95%CI=27.3%，55.1%，p=0.003）的剧烈活动参与度在前到后都有所增加，仅实验组的女生在 4 个月后仍高于前绿化期（p<0.05）。五年级学生的绿色空间和硬质景观之间的中等到剧烈身体活动差异大于其他所有年级，p=0.002。实验组的学生身体和言语冲突率在 4 个月后降至绿化前水平以下，p<0.001。
结果表明，在铺满沥青的校园内增加绿色空间有助于让儿童接触自然，提高日常活动水平，并以性别和年龄依赖的方式促进社交幸福感。
