Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory. Estación Experimental del Zaidín. Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
Redox Biol. 2019 May;23:101136. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101136. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids present in plant membranes react with reactive oxygen species through so-called lipid oxidation events. They generate great diversity of highly-reactive lipid-derived chemical species, which may be further degraded enzymatically or non-enzymatically originating new components like Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS). Such RCS are able to selectively react with proteins frequently producing loss of function through lipoxidation reactions. Although a basal concentration of lipoxidation products exists in plants (likely involved in signaling), their concentration and variability growth exponentially when plants are subjected to biotic/abiotic stresses. Such conditions typically increase the presence of ROS and the expression of antioxidant enzymes, together with RCS and also metabolites resulting from their reaction with proteins (advanced lipoxidation endproducts, ALE), in those plants susceptible to stress. On the contrary, plants designed as resistant may or may not display enhanced levels of ROS and antioxidant enzymes, whereas levels of lipid oxidation markers as malondialdehyde (MDA) are typically reduced. Great efforts have been made in order to develop methods to identify and quantify RCS, ALE, and other adducts with high sensitivity. Many of these methods are applied to the analysis of plant physiology and stress resistance, although their use has been extended to the control of the processing and conservation parameters of foodstuffs derived from plants. These foods may accumulate either lipid oxidation/lipoxidation products, or antioxidants like polyphenols, which are sometimes critical for their organoleptic properties, nutritional value, and health-promoting or detrimental characteristics. Future directions of research on different topics involving these chemical changes are also discussed.
植物膜中的多不饱和脂肪酸会与活性氧物质发生反应，这种反应被称为脂质氧化事件。这些反应会生成多种多样的高反应性脂质衍生化学物质，这些物质可能会进一步通过酶促或非酶促途径降解，产生新的成分，如反应性羰基化合物 (RCS)。这些 RCS 可以选择性地与蛋白质发生反应，经常通过脂质氧化反应导致蛋白质失去功能。虽然植物中存在基础浓度的脂质氧化产物（可能参与信号传递），但当植物受到生物/非生物胁迫时，它们的浓度和可变性会呈指数增长。在这些易受胁迫影响的植物中，这种情况通常会增加 ROS 的存在和抗氧化酶的表达，以及 RCS 和它们与蛋白质反应生成的代谢产物（高级脂质氧化终产物，ALE）。相反，具有抗性的植物可能会或可能不会表现出增强的 ROS 和抗氧化酶水平，而丙二醛 (MDA) 等脂质氧化标志物的水平通常会降低。为了开发出高灵敏度的识别和定量 RCS、ALE 和其他加合物的方法，人们已经做出了巨大的努力。许多这些方法都应用于植物生理学和抗胁迫的分析，尽管它们的使用已经扩展到了控制植物来源的食品加工和保存参数的领域。这些食品可能会积累脂质氧化/脂质氧化产物，或者像多酚这样的抗氧化剂，这些物质有时对它们的感官特性、营养价值、促进健康或有害特征至关重要。还讨论了不同涉及这些化学变化的主题的未来研究方向。
