Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Res Dev Disabil. 2019 Apr;87:54-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.02.001. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
Very preterm (VPT) children showed delays in reading, spelling and maths, but their academic achievement profile is not clearly understood.
VPT children were compared with children with specific learning disorders (SLD) and typically developing (TD) children on academic achievement, considering cognitive and linguistic phenotypic markers. A learning profile analysis was also performed.
We included 170 10-year old monolingual Italian-speaking children (37 VPT, 28 SLD, 105 TD) assessing cognitive, linguistic and academic skills.
On academic achievements VPT children fell behind TD peers in some reading (text speed, comprehension), spelling (non-word), and math (number knowledge, written calculations and problem-solving) tasks. SLD children underperformed in all academic tasks with respect to VPT and TD peers. Concerning cognitive and linguistic phenotypic markers, compared to TD peers, VPT children showed lower scores in verbal IQ and phonological fluency, SLD children in phonological processing and rapid automatized naming. VPT children showed a higher rate of at-risk performance in reading compared to TD group, but a minor percentage of impaired profiles and comorbidity among learning areas compared to SLD group.
The academic achievement profile of VPT children shows persistent delays, but it differs to that of SLD children, since delays are less widespread and severe, and differences were found in phenotypic markers and comorbidity. Follow-up programs and effective interventions are needed for VPT children.
极早产儿（VPT）儿童在阅读、拼写和数学方面存在延迟，但他们的学业成绩表现尚不清楚。
将 VPT 儿童与特定学习障碍（SLD）儿童和典型发育（TD）儿童进行比较，考虑认知和语言表型标志物在学业成绩方面的表现。还进行了学习情况分析。
我们纳入了 170 名 10 岁的单语意大利语儿童（37 名 VPT、28 名 SLD、105 名 TD），评估认知、语言和学业技能。
在学业成绩方面，VPT 儿童在一些阅读（文本速度、理解）、拼写（非单词）和数学（数字知识、书面计算和解决问题）任务中落后于 TD 同龄人。与 VPT 和 TD 同龄人相比，SLD 儿童在所有学业任务中表现都不佳。在认知和语言表型标志物方面，与 TD 同龄人相比，VPT 儿童的言语智商和语音流畅性得分较低，SLD 儿童的语音处理和快速自动命名得分较低。与 TD 组相比，VPT 儿童在阅读方面表现出更高的风险率，但与 SLD 组相比，受损的学习领域的比例和共病率较低。
VPT 儿童的学业成绩表现持续延迟，但与 SLD 儿童的表现不同，因为延迟的范围和严重程度较小，且在表型标志物和共病方面存在差异。需要为 VPT 儿童提供后续的方案和有效的干预措施。
