School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
J Eval Clin Pract. 2019 Oct;25(5):889-895. doi: 10.1111/jep.13113. Epub 2019 Feb 17.
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES: A needs assessment tool considering the cultural background of mainland China has not been reported. This study developed a Needs Self-rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer (NSQ-BC) based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs for mainland Chinese patients.
The Delphi technique and pilot cross-sectional surveys (two rounds) were performed for item selection. In the Delphi technique, items were selected according to the experts' perspective on the item's significance (ie, 1-5 Likert-scale ratings of importance; mean > 4.0 and coefficients of variation <0.25). In the pilot cross-sectional surveys, items were selected according to internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70), discriminant validity (stronger correlations of the item with the hypothesized subscale than for other subscales), and convergent validity (hypothesized item-subscale correlations ≥0.40). All decisions were made based on the results of statistical analyses, recommendations of the experts, and in-depth discussion among research team members.
Following the two evaluation rounds, the revised NSQ-BC comprised 26 items across five subscales of needs: physical, psychological, respect/self-esteem, information, and rehabilitation. Item ratings from the expert panellists met the aforementioned criteria (ie, Kendall's W = 0.329, P < 0.001). Except for the "respect/self-esteem needs" subscale, Cronbach's α for all subscales exceeded 0.70. All items had acceptable discriminant and convergent validity. Additionally, two new items-good environment/facilities and economic support-were added to the NSQ-BC, as recommended by the experts.
The NSQ-BC was developed fully via the comprehensive use of Delphi technique and pilot cross-sectional surveys. It provides evidence of a proper instrument for needs assessment and evaluation among women with breast cancer in mainland China.
背景、目的和目标：尚未有研究报道针对中国大陆文化背景的需求评估工具。本研究基于中国大陆乳腺癌患者的马斯洛需求层次理论，开发了一种新的乳腺癌需求自评问卷（NSQ-BC）。
采用德尔菲技术和预试验横断面调查（两轮）进行项目选择。在德尔菲技术中，根据专家对项目重要性的看法（即 1-5 级重要性评分，平均值>4.0，变异系数<0.25）选择项目。在预试验横断面调查中，根据内部一致性可靠性（克朗巴赫 α≥0.70）、判别有效性（与假设子量表的相关性更强，而与其他子量表的相关性较弱）和收敛有效性（假设项目-子量表的相关性≥0.40）选择项目。所有决策均基于统计分析结果、专家建议以及研究团队成员之间的深入讨论。
经过两轮评估，修订后的 NSQ-BC 包含五个需求子量表的 26 个项目，分别是：身体、心理、尊重/自尊、信息和康复。专家小组的项目评分符合上述标准（即肯德尔 W=0.329，P<0.001）。除“尊重/自尊需求”子量表外，所有子量表的克朗巴赫 α均超过 0.70。所有项目均具有可接受的判别和收敛有效性。此外，根据专家建议，在 NSQ-BC 中增加了两个新项目，即良好的环境/设施和经济支持。
本研究通过全面运用德尔菲技术和预试验横断面调查，成功开发了 NSQ-BC。该问卷为中国大陆乳腺癌患者的需求评估和评价提供了一种合适的工具。
