Blancou J
Centre National d'Etudes Vétérinaires et Alimentaires, Laboratoire Rage et Pathologie des Animaux Sauvages, Malzéville, France.
Parassitologia. 1988 Jan-Apr;30(1):129-40.
Successful oral immunization of wildlife against rabies has strongly stimulated research in the past decade. New approaches have been developed for vaccine production (e.g.: use of recombinant vaccines) as well as for better potency or safety testing procedures. It appears that Man should also consider two important phenomena which already existed in nature before his research. The first one is an adaptation of the rabies virus, by serial passages, which favours the spreading of the disease among a sole animal species. Bites of this species vaccinate other species more often than they kill them, leading sometimes, to the mutual exclusion of potential vector. The next phenomenon is the self-control of the first one due to an over-adaptation of the virus to its vector species. It leads to unappropriate level, or delay, of reexcretion of the virus, therefore to the transformation of a rabies epizootics into rabies enzootics. Oral vaccination would thus appear as an useful tool to eradicate the disease after it reached this enzootic stage.
在过去十年中，成功对野生动物进行狂犬病口服免疫极大地推动了相关研究。已经开发出了用于疫苗生产的新方法（例如：使用重组疫苗）以及更好的效力或安全性测试程序。似乎人类也应该考虑在其研究之前自然界中就已存在的两个重要现象。第一个现象是狂犬病病毒通过连续传代而发生适应，这有利于疾病在单一动物物种中传播。该物种的咬伤使其他物种接种疫苗的频率高于致其死亡的频率，有时会导致潜在传播媒介的相互排斥。下一个现象是由于病毒对其传播媒介物种过度适应而对第一个现象进行的自我控制。这会导致病毒再排泄水平不当或延迟，从而使狂犬病 epizootics 转变为狂犬病 enzootics。因此，口服疫苗接种在疾病达到这种 enzootic 阶段后似乎是根除该疾病的有用工具。 （注：epizootics 可译为“动物流行病”，enzootics 可译为“地方动物病”，这里保留英文以便读者理解原文特定术语含义）
