Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Students Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Anal Biochem. 2019 Apr 15;571:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
Exosomes are endosomal-derived vesicles, playing a major role in cell-to-cell communication. Multiple cells secret these vesicles to induce and inhibit different cellular and molecular pathways. Cancer-derived exosomes have been shown to affect development of cancer in different stages and contribute to the recruitment and reprogramming of both proximal and distal tissues. The growing interest in defining the clinical relevance of these nano-sized particles in cancers, has led to the identification of either tissue- or disease-specific exosomal contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as a source of new biomarkers which propose the diagnostic potentials of exosomes in early detection of cancers. In this review, we have discussed some aspects of exosomes including their contents, applications and isolation techniques in the field of early cancer detection. Although, exosomes are considered as ideal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, due to their unique characteristics, there is still a long way in the development of exosome-based assays.
外泌体是起源于内体的囊泡，在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。多种细胞分泌这些囊泡来诱导和抑制不同的细胞和分子途径。已经表明，癌症来源的外泌体可以影响癌症在不同阶段的发展，并有助于招募和重编程近端和远端组织。人们越来越关注定义这些纳米级颗粒在癌症中的临床相关性，已经确定了组织特异性或疾病特异性外泌体内容物，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质，作为新生物标志物的来源，这些标志物提出了外泌体在癌症早期检测中的诊断潜力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了外泌体的一些方面，包括它们的内容、在早期癌症检测领域的应用和分离技术。尽管外泌体被认为是癌症诊断的理想生物标志物，但由于其独特的特性，基于外泌体的检测方法的发展还有很长的路要走。
