Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam.
Ambulant Center for Forensic Psychiatry De Waag.
Psychol Bull. 2019 May;145(5):459-489. doi: 10.1037/bul0000188. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
Experiencing child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major public health problem with serious consequences for CSA victims. For effective assessment and (preventive) intervention, knowledge on risk factors and their effects is crucial. Here, the aim was to synthesize research on associations between (putative) risk factors and CSA victimization. In total, 765 (putative) risk factors were extracted from 72 studies, which were classified into 35 risk domains. A series of three-level meta-analyses produced a significant mean effect for 23 of the 35 risk domains ranging from r = .101 to r = .360. The strongest effects were found for prior victimization of the child and/or its family members, such as prior CSA victimization of the child and/or siblings (r = .360), prior victimization of the child other than child abuse (r = .340), prior or concurrent forms of child abuse in the child's home environment (r = .267), and a parental history of child abuse victimization (r = .265). Other identified risks were related to parental problems (e.g., intimate partner violence, r = .188), parenting problems (e.g., low quality of parent-child relation, r = .292), a non-nuclear family structure (e.g., having a stepfather, r = .118), family problems (e.g., social isolation, r = .191), child problems (e.g., having a mental/physical chronic condition, r = .193), and other child characteristics (e.g., being female, r = .290). Moderator analyses suggested that contact CSA victimization may be better predicted than noncontact CSA victimization. It was concluded that an ecological perspective on preventing CSA victimization is necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
经历儿童性虐待 (CSA) 是一个重大的公共卫生问题，对 CSA 受害者有严重的后果。为了进行有效的评估和（预防）干预，了解风险因素及其影响至关重要。在这里，我们的目的是综合研究与 CSA 受害相关的（假定）风险因素。总共从 72 项研究中提取了 765 个（假定）风险因素，将其分为 35 个风险领域。一系列三级荟萃分析产生了 35 个风险领域中的 23 个具有显著平均效应，范围从 r =.101 到 r =.360。最强的影响是儿童及其家庭成员先前的受害，如儿童先前的 CSA 受害和/或兄弟姐妹（r =.360）、儿童遭受非虐待性的先前受害（r =.340）、儿童家中先前或同时存在的各种形式的虐待（r =.267）以及父母遭受儿童虐待的历史（r =.265）。其他确定的风险与父母问题（例如亲密伴侣暴力，r =.188）、育儿问题（例如亲子关系质量低，r =.292）、非核心家庭结构（例如继父，r =.118）、家庭问题（例如社会孤立，r =.191）、儿童问题（例如患有精神/身体慢性疾病，r =.193）和其他儿童特征（例如女性，r =.290）有关。调节分析表明，接触性 CSA 受害可能比非接触性 CSA 受害更好预测。结论是，需要从生态的角度看待预防 CSA 受害。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
