Public Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 19;14(2):e0212428. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212428. eCollection 2019.
Although child physical abuse (CPA) is considered as a major global public health problem, it has not yet been recognized as such in Bangladesh. Very few studies have assessed the prevalence and victims' characteristics of multiple forms of CPA.
This population-based study assessed the prevalence of CPA committed by adults in a rural area of Bangladesh and examined its association with demographic and socio-contextual factors.
Data were obtained using ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) in a random sample of 1416 children (49% girls, 51% boys) aged 11 to 17 years by face-to-face interviews during March-April 2017. The response rate was 91.5%. To estimate predictors of CPA, physical abuse was categorized into frequent and less frequent groups.
The prevalence of at least one form (≥ 1), two forms (≥2) and three or more forms (≥ 3) of CPA were estimated approximately to 99%, 95% and 83% in their lifetime and 93%, 79%, and 57% in the past year respectively. Hitting (except on buttocks), standing/kneeling and slapping were the most common physical abuse whereas given drugs or alcohol, pinched, burned or scalded, beaten-up and locked up were less reported. Female children were faced severe forms of CPA more than that of males. Male children, younger age groups, witnessing adults using weapons at home, bullied by siblings and low level of maternal education were found to be significant risk factors for both ≥ 1 form and ≥ 2 forms of frequent CPA whereas adding also adult shouting in a frightening way was found as a significant risk factor for ≥ 2 forms of frequent CPA.
Self-reported prevalence of CPA is extremely common in the Bangladeshi rural society. The prevalence was associated with demographic and socio-contextual characteristics of the children such as being younger, witnessing domestic violence and maternal low education. The findings provide evidence to support parents and policy-makers to take effective measures to implement policy and programme on alternative up-bringing methods and creating awareness of negative effects of CM which in turn help Bangladesh to line up with UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which the country signed in 1990.
尽管儿童身体虐待（CPA）被认为是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，但在孟加拉国尚未得到承认。很少有研究评估过多种形式的 CPA 的流行程度和受害者特征。
本项基于人群的研究评估了孟加拉国农村地区成年人实施的 CPA 的流行程度，并探讨了其与人口统计学和社会背景因素的关系。
2017 年 3 月至 4 月期间，通过面对面访谈，在随机抽取的 1416 名 11 至 17 岁儿童（49%为女孩，51%为男孩）中使用国际儿童虐待筛查工具（ICAST-C）获取数据。应答率为 91.5%。为了估计 CPA 的预测因素，将身体虐待分为频繁和不频繁两组。
终生至少有 1 种（≥1）、2 种（≥2）和 3 种或更多种（≥3）CPA 的流行率估计约为 99%、95%和 83%，过去 1 年的流行率分别为 93%、79%和 57%。打（除了打屁股）、站立/跪着和拍打是最常见的身体虐待形式，而给予药物或酒精、捏、烧伤或烫伤、殴打和监禁则较少报告。女童比男童遭受更严重形式的 CPA。男童、年龄较小、目睹成年人在家中使用武器、被兄弟姐妹欺负以及母亲受教育程度较低，是两种或更多种频繁的 CPA 的显著危险因素，而成年人以吓人的方式大声喊叫也被发现是两种或更多种频繁的 CPA 的显著危险因素。
自我报告的 CPA 流行率在孟加拉国农村社会非常普遍。该流行率与儿童的人口统计学和社会背景特征有关，例如年龄较小、目睹家庭暴力和母亲受教育程度较低。这些发现为父母和决策者提供了证据，以采取有效措施实施替代养育方法的政策和方案，并提高对 CM 的负面影响的认识，这反过来将有助于孟加拉国遵循其于 1990 年签署的《联合国儿童权利公约》。
