Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan; Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
Neurochem Int. 2019 May;125:117-126. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 16.
Nicotine, one of the more than 4700 ingredients in tobacco smoke, is a neurotoxin and once used as pesticides in agriculture. Although its use in agriculture is prohibited in many countries, nicotine intoxication is still a problem among the workers in tobacco farms, and young children as well as adults due to the accidental or suicidal ingestions of nicotine products. Understanding the mechanism of nicotine intoxication is important not only for the prevention and treatment but also for the appropriate regulatory approaches. Here, we review pharmacokinetics of nicotine and the molecular mechanisms for acute and chronic intoxication from nicotine that might be relevant to the central and the peripheral nervous system. We include green tobacco sickness, acute intoxication from popular nicotine products, circadian rhythm changes, chronic intoxication from nicotine through prenatal nicotine exposure, newborn behaviors, and sudden infant death syndrome.
尼古丁是烟草烟雾中超过 4700 种成分之一，是一种神经毒素，曾在农业中用作杀虫剂。尽管许多国家都禁止在农业中使用尼古丁，但由于意外或自杀性摄入尼古丁产品，尼古丁中毒仍然是烟草种植场工人以及儿童和成年人面临的问题。了解尼古丁中毒的机制不仅对于预防和治疗很重要，而且对于适当的监管方法也很重要。在这里，我们回顾了尼古丁的药代动力学和急性和慢性尼古丁中毒的分子机制，这些机制可能与中枢和外周神经系统有关。我们包括生烟病、流行尼古丁产品的急性中毒、昼夜节律变化、产前尼古丁暴露导致的慢性尼古丁中毒、新生儿行为和婴儿猝死综合征。
