Kolmer J A, Long D L, Hughes M E
USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Plant Dis. 2007 Aug;91(8):979-984. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0979.
Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2005. Single uredinial isolates (797 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, Lr28, and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2005, 72 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype TDBGH, selected by virulence to resistance gene Lr24, was the most common phenotype in the United States, and was found throughout the Great Plains region. Virulence phenotype MCDSB with virulence to Lr17a and Lr26 was the second most common phenotype and was found widely in the wheat growing regions of the United States. Virulence phenotype MFPSC, which has virulence to Lr17a, Lr24, and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype, and was found in the Ohio Valley region, the Great Plains, and California. The highly diverse population of P. triticina in the United States will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance to leaf rust.
美国各地的合作者从感染锈病的小麦叶片上采集了小麦叶锈菌样本，并对大平原地区、俄亥俄河谷、东南部、加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州的麦田及苗圃进行了调查，以确定2005年小麦叶锈菌群体的毒力。从这些样本中分离出单个夏孢子堆分离株（共797个），并在Thatcher小麦近等基因系上测试其毒力表型，这些近等基因系分别携带抗叶锈病基因Lr1、Lr2a、Lr2c、Lr3a、Lr9、Lr16、Lr24、Lr26、Lr3ka、Lr11、Lr17a、Lr30、LrB、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr21、Lr28，以及携带基因Lr41和Lr42的冬小麦品系。2005年在美国发现了72种小麦叶锈菌的毒力表型。对抗性基因Lr24表现出毒力的毒力表型TDBGH是美国最常见的表型，在大平原地区均有发现。对Lr17a和Lr26表现出毒力的毒力表型MCDSB是第二常见的表型，在美国小麦种植区广泛分布。对Lr17a、Lr24和Lr26表现出毒力的毒力表型MFPSC是第三常见的表型，在俄亥俄河谷地区、大平原地区和加利福尼亚州均有发现。美国小麦叶锈菌的高度多样化群体将继续对培育具有有效持久抗叶锈病能力的小麦品种构成挑战。
