Kolmer J A, Long D L, Hughes M E
USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108.
Plant Dis. 2009 May;93(5):538-544. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0538.
In 2007, leaf rust of wheat was severe throughout the Great Plains region of North America. Yield losses in wheat due to leaf rust were estimated to be 14% in Kansas. Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2007. Single uredinial isolates (868 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28, and on winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. Fifty-two virulence phenotypes were found. Virulence phenotypes TDBJG, MFPSC, and TDBJH were among the four most common phenotypes and were all virulent to resistance gene Lr24. These phenotypes were found throughout the Great Plains region. Phenotype MLDSD, with virulence to Lr9, Lr17, and Lr41, was also widely distributed in the Great Plains. In the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states, phenotypes TCRKG, with virulence to genes Lr11, Lr26, and Lr18, and MFGJH, with virulence to Lr24, Lr26, and Lr11, were among the common phenotypes. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 were most frequent in the spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were most common in the soft red winter areas of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates.
2007年，北美大平原地区小麦叶锈病严重。据估计，堪萨斯州因叶锈病造成的小麦产量损失达14%。从小麦叶锈病感染叶片上采集了小麦叶锈菌（Puccinia triticina），这些叶片由美国各地的合作人员提供，同时还对大平原、俄亥俄河谷、东南部、加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州的麦田及苗圃进行了调查，以确定2007年小麦叶锈菌群体的毒性。从这些采集样本中分离出单个夏孢子堆分离株（共868个），并在携带叶锈病抗性基因Lr1、Lr2a、Lr2c、Lr3a、Lr9、Lr16、Lr24、Lr26、Lr3ka、Lr11、Lr17a、Lr30、LrB、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr21和Lr28的近等基因系的撒切尔小麦品系，以及携带基因Lr41和Lr42的冬小麦品系上测试其毒性表型。共发现了52种毒性表型。毒性表型TDBJG、MFPSC和TDBJH是四种最常见的表型，且均对抗性基因Lr24有毒性。这些表型在整个大平原地区均有发现。对Lr9、Lr17和Lr41有毒性的表型MLDSD在大平原地区也广泛分布。在东南部各州软红冬小麦种植区，对基因Lr11、Lr26和Lr18有毒性的表型TCRKG，以及对Lr24、Lr26和Lr11有毒性的表型MFGJH是常见表型。对Lr16有毒性的毒性表型在大平原北部的春小麦种植区最为常见。对Lr11、Lr18和Lr26有毒性的毒性表型在东南部各州和俄亥俄河谷的软红冬小麦种植区最为常见。在所测试的分离株中未发现对Lr21有毒性的情况。
