Kolmer J A, Long D L, Hughes M E
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108.
Plant Dis. 2011 Aug;95(8):935-940. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0786.
Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields and wheat breeding plots by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service personnel in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2009. Single uredinial isolates (591 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28 and a winter wheat line with Lr39/41. Forty-one virulence phenotypes were described. Virulence phenotypes MLDSD, TCRKG, and TDBGG were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotype MLDSD is virulent to Lr17 and Lr39/Lr41 and was widely distributed throughout the United States. Phenotype TCRKG is virulent to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 and is found mostly in the soft red winter wheat region in the eastern United States. TDBGG is virulent to Lr24 and was found in both the soft red winter wheat and hard red winter wheat regions. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates. Virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 increased in 2009 in the soft red winter wheat regions. Virulence to Lr17 and Lr39/Lr41 increased in the Great Plains region. Two separate epidemiological zones of P. triticina in the soft red winter wheat region of the southern and eastern states and in the hard red wheat region of the Great Plains were described.
小麦叶锈菌的菌株采自美国各地合作者提供的感染锈病的叶片，以及美国农业部农业研究局工作人员在大平原、俄亥俄河谷、东南部、加利福尼亚和华盛顿州对小麦（普通小麦）田和小麦育种地块进行调查所获样本，目的是确定2009年小麦叶锈菌群体的毒力。从这些样本中分离出单个夏孢子堆分离株（共591个），并在与叶锈病抗性基因Lr1、Lr2a、Lr2c、Lr3a、Lr9、Lr十六、Lr24、Lr26、Lr3ka、Lr11、Lr17a、Lr30、LrB、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr21和Lr28近等基因的Thatcher小麦品系以及具有Lr39/41的冬小麦品系上测试毒力表型。共描述了41种毒力表型。毒力表型MLDSD、TCRKG和TDBGG是三种最常见的表型。表型MLDSD对Lr17和Lr39/Lr41有毒力，在美国广泛分布。表型TCRKG对Lr11、Lr18和Lr26有毒力，主要出现在美国东部的软红冬小麦产区。TDBGG对Lr24有毒力，在软红冬小麦和硬红冬小麦产区均有发现。在所测试的分离株中未发现对Lr21的毒力。2009年，软红冬小麦产区对Lr11、Lr18和Lr26的毒力有所增加。大平原地区对Lr17和Lr39/Lr41的毒力有所增加。描述了南部和东部各州软红冬小麦产区以及大平原硬红小麦产区小麦叶锈菌的两个独立流行区。
