Blumenfeld Zeev
a Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technion - Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;4(2):173-181. doi: 10.1586/17446651.4.2.173.
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as premature menopause in women younger than 40 years of age. This heterogeneous disorder (occurring in 1% of women younger than 40 of age and 0.1% of those younger than 30 years of age), is associated with many and different etiologies, such as chromosomal, genetic, enzymatic, iatrogenic, metabolic and infectious causes. Only in less than half of cases can the etiologic cause be identified. In the last decade, many genetic abnormalities were identified in association with POF, mainly owing to the transgenic mice models, which enabled the study of phenotype in these null mice. Iatrogenic POF after chemotherapy has gained worldwide interest owing to significantly improved survival in the last three decades and the ability to preserve future fertility and ovarian function in many young women who are survivors of young-age malignancy. The attempts of in vitro fertilization-assisted reproductive technology and embryo or unfertilized ova cryopreservation, combined with ovarian tissue cryopreservation and coadministration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists in parallel with chemotherapy may maximize future fertility and minimize long-term POF in these women.
卵巢早衰（POF）被定义为40岁以下女性的过早绝经。这种异质性疾病（发生在1%的40岁以下女性和0.1%的30岁以下女性中）与许多不同的病因相关，如染色体、遗传、酶、医源性、代谢和感染性原因。只有不到一半的病例能够确定病因。在过去十年中，发现了许多与POF相关的基因异常，这主要归功于转基因小鼠模型，它使得对这些基因敲除小鼠的表型进行研究成为可能。由于在过去三十年中生存率显著提高，以及能够在许多年轻的恶性肿瘤幸存者中保留未来生育能力和卵巢功能，化疗后医源性POF已引起全球关注。体外受精辅助生殖技术、胚胎或未受精卵冷冻保存，结合卵巢组织冷冻保存以及在化疗同时联合使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂的尝试，可能会使这些女性的未来生育能力最大化，并将长期POF降至最低。
