First Report of Melon necrotic spot virus in Panama.

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) represents an important crop in Panama where 1,449 ha were cultivated in 2005 with 920.4 ha of this crop planted in Los Santos Province (southeast region of Panama). During April 2005 and January 2006, several melon plants in commercial fields in that area showed stem necrosis at the crown level, and less frequently, small necrotic spots on leaves. In some cases, wilting and plant death were observed. Symptoms were similar to those caused by the carmovirus Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV). Cysts of Olpidium bornovanus also were observed in the roots of all affected melon plants. Roots from eight symptomatic plants collected in seven fields were positive using doubleantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with an antiserum specific for MNSV (BIO-RAD, Life Sciences, Barcelona, Spain). To confirm these results, total RNA was extracted from symptomatic plants and used in one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with Platinum Taq (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Barcelona, Spain). MNSV specific primers designed to amplify a region of the coat protein gene were used in the assays. Amplicons of the expected size (651 bp) were generated from symptomatic plant tissue, but were not produced from healthy plants or the water used as negative controls. To establish the authenticity of this virus, RT-PCR products were purified with the High Pure PCR Product Purification Kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and directly sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed by using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) (1). The primers produced two amplicons with different but similar sequences. One sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ443546) showed 92% identity to the coat protein gene of the MNSV Spanish isolate (GenBank Accession No. AY330700) and the MNSV Dutch isolate (GenBank Accession No. M29671) and 88% identity to the Japanese isolate (GenBank Accession No. AB189944). The second sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ443547) was 93% identical with the Spanish and Dutch MNSV isolates, 88% identical with the Japanese isolate, and 100% identical with sequences from commercial melon seed previously isolated in our laboratory (GenBank Accession No. DQ443545). Infected seed may be a concern with regard to long distance spread of the virus independent of the vector (3) and should be considered in disease management strategies. MNSV has been previously reported in Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States (2), Guatemala (4), Mexico, Honduras, and Uruguay (C. Jordá, unpublished). To our knowledge, this is the first report of MNSV in Panama. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) A. A. Brunt et al. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Online Publication, 1996. (3) R. N. Campbell et al. Phytopathology 86:1294, 1996. (4) C. Jordá et al. Plant Dis. 89:338, 2005.