Dufault N S, De Wolf E D, Lipps P E, Madden L V
Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 1680.
Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster 44691.
Plant Dis. 2006 May;90(5):637-644. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-0637.
Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in North America. Ascospores released from the perithecia of G. zeae are a major source of inoculum for FHB. The influence of temperature and moisture on perithecial production and development was evaluated by monitoring autoclaved inoculated cornstalk sections in controlled environments. Perithecial development was assessed at all combinations of five temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28°C) and four moisture levels with means (range) -0.45 (-0.18, -1.16), -1.30 (-0.81, -1.68), -2.36 (-1.34, -3.53) and -4.02 (-2.39, -5.88) MPa. Moisture levels of -0.45 and -1.30 MPa and temperatures from 16 to 24°C promoted perithecial production and development. Temperatures of 12 and 28°C and moisture levels of -2.36 and -4.02 MPa either slowed or limited perithecial production and development. The water potential of -1.30 MPa had mature perithecia after 10 days at 20°C, but not until after 15 days for 24°C. In contrast, few perithecia achieved maturity and produced ascospores at lower moisture levels (-2.36 and -4.02 MPa) and low (12°C) and high (28°C) temperatures. In the future, it may be possible to use the information gathered in these experiments to improve the accuracy of FHB forecasting systems.
禾谷镰刀菌（有性型为玉蜀黍赤霉）是北美小麦赤霉病（FHB）最常见的病原菌。从玉蜀黍赤霉子囊壳中释放的子囊孢子是小麦赤霉病接种体的主要来源。通过在可控环境中监测经高压灭菌接种的玉米秸秆切片，评估了温度和湿度对子囊壳产生和发育的影响。在五个温度（12、16、20、24和28°C）和四个湿度水平（平均值（范围）为-0.45（-0.18，-1.16）、-1.30（-0.81，-1.68）、-2.36（-1.34，-3.53）和-4.02（-2.39，-5.88）MPa）的所有组合下评估子囊壳发育情况。湿度水平为-0.45和-1.30 MPa以及温度为16至24°C促进了子囊壳的产生和发育。12和28°C的温度以及-2.36和-4.02 MPa的湿度水平减缓或限制了子囊壳的产生和发育。-1.30 MPa的水势在20°C下10天后有成熟的子囊壳，但在24°C下直到15天后才有。相比之下，在较低湿度水平（-2.36和-4.02 MPa）以及低温（12°C）和高温（28°C）下，很少有子囊壳达到成熟并产生子囊孢子。未来，有可能利用这些实验中收集的信息来提高小麦赤霉病预测系统的准确性。
