Khan N I, Schisler D A, Boehm M J, Slininger P J, Bothast R J
Postdoctoral Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Research Plant Pathologist, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL 61604.
Plant Dis. 2001 Dec;85(12):1253-1258. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.12.1253.
Gibberella zeae incites Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. Of over 700 microbial strains obtained from wheat anthers, 54 were able to utilize tartaric acid as a carbon source when the compound was supplied as choline bitartrate in liquid culture. Four tartaric acid-utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced FHB in initial tests and were selected for further assays. Antagonists were effective against three different isolates of G. zeae when single wheat florets were inoculated with pathogen and antagonist inoculum. All seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight when applied simultaneously with G. zeae isolate Z3639 (P ≤ 0.05). Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively. Five antagonists increased 100-kernel weight of plants inoculated with G. zeae isolate DAOM 180378. All antagonists except one increased 100-kernel weight, and four of seven antagonists reduced disease severity (P ≤ 0.05) when tested against G. zeae isolate Fg-9-96. In spray-inoculation experiments, Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity, regardless of the sequence, timing, and concentration of inoculum application (P ≤ 0.05), though 100-kernel weight did not always increase when antagonists were applied 4 h after inoculum of G. zeae. Overall, 4 of 54 isolates that utilized tartaric acid in vitro were effective against G. zeae versus only 3 of 170 isolates tested that did not utilize tartaric acid (P ≤ 0.05, χ-square test of goodness of fit), demonstrating the potential benefit of prescreening candidate antagonists of FHB for their ability to utilize tartaric acid. Biological control shows promise as part of an integrated pest management program for managing FHB.
玉米赤霉引发小麦赤霉病（FHB），这是一种毁灭性病害，会给小麦和大麦造成严重的产量和品质损失。从小麦花药中获取的700多种微生物菌株中，当在液体培养中将酒石酸以酒石酸氢胆碱形式提供时，有54种能够利用酒石酸作为碳源。在初步试验中，4种利用酒石酸的菌株和3种不利用酒石酸的菌株降低了小麦赤霉病的发病率，并被选用于进一步检测。当单小花接种病原菌和拮抗菌接种物时，拮抗菌对玉米赤霉的三种不同分离株均有效。与玉米赤霉分离株Z3639同时施用时，所有7种拮抗菌均增加了百粒重（P≤0.05）。芽孢杆菌菌株AS 43.3和AS 43.4以及隐球菌菌株OH 182.9分别使病害严重程度降低了>77%、93%和56%。5种拮抗菌增加了接种玉米赤霉分离株DAOM 180378的植株的百粒重。在针对玉米赤霉分离株Fg-9-96进行测试时，除一种拮抗菌外，所有拮抗菌均增加了百粒重，7种拮抗菌中有4种降低了病害严重程度（P≤0.05）。在喷雾接种实验中，芽孢杆菌菌株AS 43.3和AS 43.4以及隐球菌菌株OH 71.4和OH 182.9降低了病害严重程度，无论接种物施用的顺序、时间和浓度如何（P≤0.05），不过当在接种玉米赤霉4小时后施用拮抗菌时，百粒重并不总是增加。总体而言, 在体外利用酒石酸的54种分离株中有4种对玉米赤霉有效，而在测试的170种不利用酒石酸的分离株中只有3种有效（P≤0.05，拟合优度卡方检验），这表明预先筛选小麦赤霉病候选拮抗菌利用酒石酸的能力具有潜在益处。生物防治作为管理小麦赤霉病的综合虫害管理计划的一部分显示出前景。
