Shukla Mukesh, Ahmad Siraj, Singh Jai Vir, Shukla Nirpal Kaur, Shukla Ram
Department of Community Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
MBA Department, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Indian J Psychol Med. 2019 Jan-Feb;41(1):46-53. doi: 10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_211_18.
Depression among adolescents, especially among girls, is a rising public health problem worldwide. It has been associated with a profound negative impact on their physical, social, and mental well-being.
To ascertain the factors associated with depression among school-going adolescent girls in district Barabanki of Uttar Pradesh.
School-based cross-sectional study.
The study was conducted among 2187 school-going adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Barabanki district from September 2016 to September 2017 using multistage sampling. Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, residence, family background, and socioeconomic status were assessed through direct interview of the adolescent girl, with its reconfirmation from school records. Eleven-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale was used for assessment of depression.
Probability (P) was calculated to test for statistical significance at 5% level of statistical significance. Association between risk factors and depression was determined using bivariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression.
The prevalence of depression was found to be 39.7%. Multiple logistic regression revealed that depression was significantly higher among those residing in rural areas [odds ratio (OR) 3.32; < 0.001], those in early and mid-adolescent age group (OR 2.51; < 0.001), those studying in private schools (OR 3.22; < 0.001), and those with Hindi as the medium of instruction (OR12.50; < 0.001). Depression was also found to be significantly higher among those whose mothers were educated up to primary (OR 3.19; < 0.01) or up to intercollege (OR 1.59; < 0.001) when compared with illiterate mothers. Similarly, depression was found to be more common among those girls whose fathers were educated up to intercollege (OR 1.29; < 0.05) or were graduate and above (OR 1.58; < 0.001).
A significant proportion of school-going adolescent girls were suffering from depression, which reflects the need for reinforcement and strengthening of school-based mental health screening programs. Parents, teachers, and community health workers should work as a team to deal with the problem in a more effective way.
青少年抑郁症，尤其是女孩中的抑郁症，是全球范围内日益严重的公共卫生问题。它对青少年的身体、社交和心理健康产生了深远的负面影响。
确定印度北方邦巴拉班基地区在校青春期女孩抑郁症的相关因素。
基于学校的横断面研究。
2016年9月至2017年9月，采用多阶段抽样法，对巴拉班基地区2187名10 - 19岁的在校青春期女孩进行了研究。通过直接访谈青春期女孩，并从学校记录中再次确认，评估了年龄、居住情况、家庭背景和社会经济地位等社会人口学特征。采用11项库彻青少年抑郁量表评估抑郁症。
计算概率（P）以检验在5%统计学显著性水平上的统计学显著性。使用双变量分析，随后进行多变量逻辑回归，确定风险因素与抑郁症之间的关联。
抑郁症患病率为39.7%。多变量逻辑回归显示，农村地区居民的抑郁症患病率显著更高[比值比（OR）3.32；P < 0.001]，青春期早期和中期年龄组的患病率也显著更高（OR 2.51；P < 0.001），私立学校学生的患病率显著更高（OR 3.22；P < 0.001），以印地语为教学语言的学生患病率显著更高（OR 12.50；P < 0.001）。与文盲母亲相比，母亲受教育程度为小学（OR 3.19；P < 0.01）或高中（OR 1.59；P < 0.001）的女孩抑郁症患病率也显著更高。同样，父亲受教育程度为高中（OR 1.29；P < 0.05）或本科及以上（OR 1.58；P < 0.001）的女孩抑郁症更为常见。
相当一部分在校青春期女孩患有抑郁症，这反映出需要加强和强化基于学校的心理健康筛查项目。家长、教师和社区卫生工作者应作为一个团队，以更有效的方式应对这一问题。
