Ahmad Siraj, Shukla Nirpal Kaur, Singh Jai Vir, Shukla Ram, Shukla Mukesh
Department of Community Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Master of Business Administration, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):1417-1424. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_185_18.
Double burden of malnutrition comprising both undernutrition and overnutrition is nowadays emerging as a major public health concern among adolescent girls in India.
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among school-going adolescent girls along with dietary and physical activity-related factors associated with them.
The present cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2400 school-going adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh.
Multistage sampling technique was used for enrolment of the study subjects. Data were collected on sociodemographic profile, physical activity, dietary intake, and anthropometry. WHO body mass index (BMI)-for-age cutoff classification of girls was used for assessment of underweight, overweight, and obesity.
Statistical analysis was done with the Epi Info software. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain various predictors of underweight, overweight, and obesity among adolescent females ( < 0.05 was considered as significant).
The proportion of underweight, overweight, and obese students were 47.0%, 5.9%, and 2.7%, respectively. The girls in mid and late adolescent age group were significantly less susceptible for being underweight for age (odds ratio [OR] 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.36; = 0.00). The girls belonging to middle and upper socioeconomic strata were about 35 times more susceptible toward obesity (OR 35.12; 95% CI 13.33-92.49; = 0.00) and 12 times more susceptible toward being overweight (OR 12.46; 95% CI 13.33-92.49; = 0.00) as compared to those in lower income groups. The probability of overweight and obesity were about 3 times (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.76-5.55; = 0.00) and 10 times (OR 9.66; 95% CI 4.00-23.35; = 0.00) higher among adolescent girls who reside in urban areas as compared to rural one. Apart from these, non-Hindu religion, nuclear type of family, parent's education profile of middle school and above, and engagement in physical activities more than 2 h a day were other factors found to be directly associated with increased chances of overweight/obesity (OR > 1; < 0.05).
The high prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition revealed the need of the hour to modify and strengthen the existing adolescent health programs of India so as to deal with both the facets of nutrition spectrum substantially.
营养不良的双重负担，包括营养不足和营养过剩，如今正成为印度青春期女孩中一个主要的公共卫生问题。
本研究旨在确定在校青春期女孩中体重不足、超重和肥胖的患病率，以及与之相关的饮食和身体活动因素。
本横断面调查在北方邦巴拉班基区的2400名在校青春期女孩（10 - 19岁）中进行。
采用多阶段抽样技术招募研究对象。收集了社会人口学特征、身体活动、饮食摄入和人体测量学数据。使用世界卫生组织针对女孩的年龄别体重指数（BMI）分类标准来评估体重不足、超重和肥胖情况。
使用Epi Info软件进行统计分析。采用多项逻辑回归分析来确定青春期女性体重不足、超重和肥胖的各种预测因素（P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义）。
体重不足、超重和肥胖学生的比例分别为47.0%、5.9%和2.7%。青春期中晚期年龄组的女孩因年龄导致体重不足的易感性显著较低（优势比[OR] 0.28；95%置信区间[CI] 0.22 - 0.36；P = 0.00）。与低收入群体相比，属于中高社会经济阶层的女孩肥胖的易感性高出约35倍（OR 35.12；95% CI 13.33 - 92.49；P = 0.00），超重的易感性高出12倍（OR 12.46；95% CI 13.33 - 92.49；P = 0.00）。与农村地区的青春期女孩相比，城市地区的青春期女孩超重和肥胖的概率分别高出约3倍（OR 3.13；95% CI 1.76 - 5.55；P = 0.00）和10倍（OR 9.66；95% CI 4.00 - 23.35；P = 0.00）。除此之外，非印度教宗教信仰、核心家庭类型、父母中学及以上的教育程度以及每天进行超过2小时身体活动等因素也被发现与超重/肥胖几率增加直接相关（OR > 1；P < 0.05）。
营养不良双重负担的高患病率表明，当下迫切需要调整和加强印度现有的青少年健康项目，以便切实应对营养问题的两个方面。
