Instituto de Biologia-Genetica e Morfologia, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasılia, Brasılia, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
Clin Anat. 2019 May;32(4):585-596. doi: 10.1002/ca.23356. Epub 2019 Mar 9.
A rule of human anatomy is that all structures within the body should be described relative to the so-called "anatomical position." Along with those describing structures such as the skull and liver, those accounting for the components of the heart consistently break this rule, describing the organ as if removed from the body and positioned on its apex, the so-called "Valentine position." Although potentially appropriate to some animal species, this approach produces problems when used in human anatomy, even if the right and left ventricles are only viewed in truly right-sided and left-sided positions when assessed in the Valentine fashion. The names of the ventricles, of course, are never going to change. This is not necessarily the case with other cardiac components. Consider the artery that extends between the ventricles on their diaphragmatic surface. Blockage produces inferior myocardial infarction, which is to be expected, since the vessel is located in inferior and interventricular position. It is incorrect to describe the artery as being posterior and descending. Such infelicities are now the more obvious with the advent of techniques that, in clinical cardiology, show the components of the heart as it lies within the chest. In this review, we have assessed the frequency of use of the Valentine approach in popular textbooks used by students of human anatomy. We show that, using the conduction tissues as a model, this system also being incorrectly described in the majority of the textbooks, the situation can be improved by use of attitudinally appropriate description. Clin. Anat. 32:585-596, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
人体解剖学的一条规则是，体内的所有结构都应相对于所谓的“解剖学位置”进行描述。除了描述颅骨和肝脏等结构的描述外，那些描述心脏成分的描述也始终违反这条规则，将器官描述为好像从身体上取出并放置在其顶点，即所谓的“情人节位置”。尽管这种方法对于某些动物物种可能是合适的，但在人体解剖学中使用时会产生问题，即使在以情人节方式评估时，也只能看到右心室和左心室处于真正的右侧和左侧位置。当然，心室的名称永远不会改变。其他心脏成分的情况并非如此。以位于心室之间的膈面的动脉为例。阻塞会导致下壁心肌梗死，这是可以预期的，因为血管位于下壁和室间隔位置。将该动脉描述为后降是不正确的。随着技术的出现，这些不幸的情况现在更加明显，这些技术在临床心脏病学中显示了心脏的各个组成部分位于胸腔内的情况。在这篇综述中，我们评估了情人节方法在人体解剖学学生使用的流行教科书中的使用频率。我们以传导组织为例，表明在大多数教科书中，这种系统也被错误地描述，通过使用态度适当的描述可以改善这种情况。临床解剖学 32:585-596, 2019。© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
