Makino Nobuko, Nakamura Yosikazu, Yashiro Mayumi, Kosami Koki, Matsubara Yuri, Ae Ryusuke, Aoyama Yasuko, Yanagawa Hiroshi
Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2019 Apr;61(4):397-403. doi: 10.1111/ped.13809. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Approximately 50 years have passed since Kawasaki disease (KD) was first reported. The KD nationwide survey began in 1970. Although >360 000 cases have already been reported in Japan, the cause is still unknown. In Japan, the number of patients and incidence rate of KD has continued to increase. It is necessary to examine the trend of the occurrence in the surveillance of KD.
The nationwide survey of patient incidence in 2015 and 2016 was conducted in 2017, as the 24th nationwide survey of KD. A questionnaire was sent to pediatric departments in hospitals with >100 beds and specialized pediatric hospitals, and was responded to by the attending pediatricians.
The total number of patients in 2 years was 31 595, and the sex ratio (male/female) was 1.34. The incidence rate (/100 000 children aged 0-4 years/year) was 330.2 (371.2 in boys, 287.3 in girls) in 2015, and 309.0 (343.2 in boys, 273.2 in girls) in 2016. The number of patients by month peaked in January. The age-specific incidence rate according to sex was highest in children between 9 and 11 months of age, after which the incidence rate gradually decreased with advancing age.
We summarize the most recent nationwide survey of KD and consider the change in the epidemiologic picture.
自川崎病（KD）首次被报道以来，大约已经过去了50年。KD全国性调查始于1970年。尽管日本已经报告了超过36万例病例，但其病因仍然不明。在日本，KD患者数量和发病率持续上升。有必要在KD监测中研究其发病趋势。
作为第24次KD全国性调查，于2017年开展了2015年和2016年患者发病率的全国性调查。向床位超过100张的医院儿科部门和专业儿童医院发送了调查问卷，由儿科主治医生进行回复。
两年内患者总数为31595例，男女比例为1.34。2015年发病率（/10万0至4岁儿童/年）为330.2（男孩为371.2，女孩为287.3），2016年为309.0（男孩为343.2，女孩为273.2）。按月份统计的患者数量在1月份达到峰值。按性别划分的各年龄段发病率在9至11个月大的儿童中最高，此后随着年龄增长发病率逐渐下降。
我们总结了最近一次KD全国性调查情况，并思考了流行病学情况的变化。
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