Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
J Epidemiol. 2012;22(3):216-21. doi: 10.2188/jea.je20110126. Epub 2012 Mar 10.
Although the number of patients and incidence rate of Kawasaki disease (KD) are increasing in Japan, the most recent epidemiologic features of KD are not known.
The 21st nationwide survey of KD was conducted in 2011 and included patients treated for the disease in 2009 and 2010. Hospitals specializing in pediatrics, and hospitals with a total of 100 or more beds and a pediatric department, were asked to report all patients with KD during the 2 survey years.
A total of 1445 departments and hospitals reported 23,730 KD patients (10,975 in 2009 and 12,755 in 2010): 13,515 boys and 10 215 girls. The annual incidence rates were 206.2 and 239.6 per 100,000 children aged 0 to 4 years in 2009 and 2010, respectively; the 2010 rate was the highest ever reported in Japan. Monthly number of patients peaked during winter to spring months; lower peaks were noted during summer months. However, the seasonal patterns in 2009 and 2010 differed from those of previous years. The age-specific incidence rate had a monomodal distribution, with a peak during the latter half of the year of birth. The prevalences of cardiac lesions during acute KD and cardiac sequelae were higher among infants and older age groups. Despite a decrease in prevalence, the proportion of patients with giant coronary aneurysms-the most severe sequela of KD-did not substantially decrease.
The incidence rate and number of patients with KD continue to increase in Japan.
尽管日本川崎病（KD）的患者人数和发病率正在增加，但最近的 KD 流行病学特征尚不清楚。
2011 年进行了第 21 次全国 KD 调查，包括 2009 年和 2010 年接受治疗的患者。专门的儿科医院和共有 100 张或更多床位和儿科病房的医院被要求报告在这 2 年调查期间所有 KD 患者。
共有 1445 个科室和医院报告了 23730 例 KD 患者（2009 年 10975 例，2010 年 12755 例）：男 13515 例，女 10215 例。2009 年和 2010 年，年龄在 0 至 4 岁的儿童中每 100,000 人发病率分别为 206.2 和 239.6；2010 年的发病率是日本有记录以来最高的。患者人数每月最高峰值出现在冬春季节；夏季月份的峰值较低。然而，2009 年和 2010 年的季节性模式与前几年不同。特定年龄的发病率呈单峰分布，在下半年出生的儿童中达到峰值。急性 KD 时心脏病变和心脏后遗症的患病率在婴儿和年龄较大的人群中较高。尽管患病率有所下降，但 KD 最严重后遗症巨大冠状动脉瘤的患者比例并未大幅下降。
日本 KD 的发病率和患者人数持续增加。
