Jossey S, Babadoost M
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
Plant Dis. 2008 Jan;92(1):61-68. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-92-1-0061.
Surveys were conducted during 2004 to 2006 to identify the viruses infecting pumpkin and squash in Illinois. In 2004, 16 jack-o-lantern pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) samples and one squash (C. pepo) sample were collected from 11 counties. In 2005, 85 jack-o-lantern pumpkin, 12 processing pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), 37 squash, and six gourd (C. pepo) samples were collected from 54 counties. In 2006, 85 jack-o-lantern pumpkin, 16 processing pumpkin, 51 squash, and 18 gourd samples were collected from 47 counties. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and unknown potyviruses were detected in pumpkin, squash, and gourd fields during the surveys, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 86, 11, 75, and 79% of jack-o-lantern pumpkin, processing pumpkin, squash, and gourds, respectively, were tested positive for virus infection during the survey. WMV was detected in 47, 46, and 52% of the samples in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively, and was the most prevalent virus throughout the state. SqMV was detected in more counties than any other virus because it was identified in 65 and 88% of the counties surveyed in 2005 and 2006, respectively. SqMV was detected in 6, 41, and 48% of the samples in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. During the surveys, CMV was detected in 6, 4, and 3% of the samples; PRSV was detected in 6, 11, and 4% of the samples; and ZYMV was detected in 18, 4, and 4% of the samples tested in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. TRSV was detected in 3% of the samples in 2005, for the first time on pumpkin in Illinois. Pathogenicity of the detected viruses was proved for CMV, PRSV, SqMV, WMV, and ZYMV on summer squash ('Fortune' and 'Grey Zucchini'), jack-o-lantern pumpkin ('Howden'), and processing pumpkin ('Dickinson'). All of the viruses were present alone and mixed in the samples tested. Earlier in the growing seasons (July and early August), single-virus infections were detected. Mixed infections were more common from the second week of August until the end of the growing season in October. Dual infection of WMV and SqMV was the most prevalent mixed virus infection detected in Illinois. Most viruses infecting pumpkin and squash showed similar symptoms. The most common symptoms observed in the commercial fields and in the greenhouse studies were light- and dark-green mosaic, veinbanding, veinclearing, puckering, and deformation of leaves of pumpkin, squash, and gourds. Severe symptoms included fernleaf and shoestring on leaves and color breaking and deformation of fruit.
2004年至2006年期间开展了调查，以确定感染伊利诺伊州南瓜和西葫芦的病毒。2004年，从11个县采集了16个南瓜灯南瓜（西葫芦）样本和1个西葫芦样本。2005年，从54个县采集了85个南瓜灯南瓜、12个加工南瓜（南瓜属）、37个西葫芦和6个葫芦（西葫芦）样本。2006年，从47个县采集了85个南瓜灯南瓜、16个加工南瓜、51个西葫芦和18个葫芦样本。在调查期间，利用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）在南瓜、西葫芦和葫芦田中检测到黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）、木瓜环斑病毒（PRSV）、南瓜花叶病毒（SqMV）、烟草环斑病毒（TRSV）、番茄环斑病毒（ToRSV）、西瓜花叶病毒（WMV）、小西葫芦黄花叶病毒（ZYMV）和未知的马铃薯Y病毒。总体而言，在调查期间，分别有86%、11%、75%和79%的南瓜灯南瓜、加工南瓜、西葫芦和葫芦被检测出病毒感染呈阳性。WMV在2004年、2005年和2006年分别在47%、46%和52%的样本中被检测到，是全州最普遍的病毒。SqMV在比其他任何病毒更多的县被检测到，因为它分别在2005年和2006年被调查县的65%和88%中被鉴定出来。SqMV在2004年、2005年和2006年分别在6%､41%和48%的样本中被检测到。在调查期间，CMV在6%、4%和3%的样本中被检测到；PRSV在6%、11%和4%的样本中被检测到；ZYMV在2004年、2005年和2006年分别在18%、4%和4%的检测样本中被检测到。TRSV于2005年在3%的样本中被首次在伊利诺伊州的南瓜上检测到。已证实检测到的CMV、PRSV、SqMV、WMV和ZYMV对西葫芦（“财富”和“灰西葫芦”）、南瓜灯南瓜（“豪登”）和加工南瓜（“迪金森”）具有致病性。所有病毒在检测样本中单独存在或混合存在。在生长季节早期（7月和8月初），检测到单病毒感染。从8月的第二周直到10月生长季节结束，混合感染更为常见。WMV和SqMV的双重感染是在伊利诺伊州检测到的最普遍的混合病毒感染。大多数感染南瓜和西葫芦的病毒表现出相似的症状。在商业田地和温室研究中观察到的最常见症状是南瓜、西葫芦和葫芦叶片的淡绿色和深绿色花叶、脉带现象、脉明、起皱和变形。严重症状包括叶片蕨叶和鞋带状以及果实颜色破裂和变形。
