Gerik J S
Research Plant Pathologist, SJVASC, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA 93648.
Plant Dis. 2005 Aug;89(8):883-887. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0883.
Cut-flower growers need alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) for pathogen and weed control. The efficacy of alternative chemicals applied by drip irrigation was tested in a cut-flower production system. In 2002, seven chemical formulations were tested: chloropicrin, iodomethane + chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, sodium azide, metham sodium, furfural + allyl isothiocyanate, and furfural + metham sodium. In 2003, an additional treatment, dimethyl disulfide, was added. Most treatments reduced populations of Pythium ultimum and Fusarium oxysporum and increased stem height compared with the nontreated controls. Metham sodium, furfural + metham sodium, sodium azide, and chloropicrin significantly reduced incidence of Liatris stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Weed control was not acceptable either year for any treatments. Viable alternatives to MB for cut-flower production will require better treatments for weed control than was achieved in this study.
切花种植者需要替代甲基溴（MB）的方法来控制病原体和杂草。在切花生产系统中测试了通过滴灌施用替代化学品的效果。2002年，测试了七种化学制剂：氯化苦、碘甲烷+氯化苦、1,3 - 二氯丙烯+氯化苦、叠氮化钠、威百亩钠、糠醛+异硫氰酸烯丙酯以及糠醛+威百亩钠。2003年，增加了一种额外的处理方法——二甲基二硫。与未处理的对照相比，大多数处理方法减少了终极腐霉和尖孢镰刀菌的数量，并增加了茎高。威百亩钠、糠醛+威百亩钠、叠氮化钠和氯化苦显著降低了由核盘菌引起的蛇鞭菊茎腐病的发病率。对于任何处理方法来说，这两年的杂草控制效果都不理想。切花生产中替代甲基溴的可行方法需要比本研究中实现的更好的杂草控制处理方法。
