The University of Queensland, Australia.
Health (London). 2019 Mar;23(2):197-214. doi: 10.1177/1363459318785681.
An understanding of best practice rural water, sanitation and hygiene (rWASH) and its associated indicators can ensure greater success and reduced failure of future projects. While numerous organisations have actively implemented rWASH projects since the early 1990s with donor reports, funding proposals and reviews frequently claiming best practice, there remains a paucity of information on what constitutes 'best practice' rWASH. A scoping review of qualitative and quantitative literature was done with six primary factors identified as key contributors to best practice rWASH: regulatory environment, community ownership, programme methodology, funding, technology and capacity. In the absence of standardisation, a benchmark of proven techniques may be used as an alternative to identify 'best practice' within the sector and propose minimum requirements for the development of best practice rWASH. Clearly defining best practice rural water, sanitation and hygiene is useful for governments, donor agencies and implementing organisations and those monitoring outcomes of programmes against national and global targets.
了解最佳农村水、环境卫生和个人卫生（简称 rWASH）实践及其相关指标，可以确保未来项目取得更大的成功并减少失败。虽然自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来，许多组织就一直在积极开展 rWASH 项目，捐赠者报告、供资提案和审查报告经常声称采用了最佳做法，但关于什么是“最佳”rWASH 实践的信息仍然很少。对定性和定量文献进行了范围界定审查，确定了六个主要因素，这些因素是最佳 rWASH 实践的关键贡献因素：监管环境、社区所有权、方案方法、供资、技术和能力。在缺乏标准化的情况下，可以使用经过验证的技术基准来替代确定该部门的“最佳”实践，并提出制定最佳 rWASH 实践的最低要求。明确界定最佳农村水、环境卫生和个人卫生实践，对于政府、捐助机构和实施组织以及那些根据国家和全球目标监测方案成果的组织非常有用。
