Department of Communication and Information Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 21;14(2):e0212555. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212555. eCollection 2019.
Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) provide voting recommendations to millions of people. As these voting recommendations are based on users' answers to attitude questions, the framing of these questions can have far-reaching consequences. The current study reports on a field experiment in which the framing of the header above VAA statements (N = 17) was manipulated (condition 1: no header; condition 2: a right-wing header, e.g., finance; condition 3: a left-wing header, e.g., nature and environment). Visitors of a VAA developed for Utrecht, the fourth largest municipality in the Netherlands, were randomly guided to one of the versions of the tool in which the header type was varied. Results (based on Nrespondents = 27,404) show that providing a header (left-wing or right-wing) leads to more left-wing answers as compared a condition where there is no header above the attitude statement. This effect, however, is only observed for respondents with lower levels of political sophistication.
投票建议应用程序（VAA）为数百万民众提供投票建议。由于这些投票建议是基于用户对态度问题的回答，因此这些问题的表述可能会产生深远的影响。本研究报告了一项实地实验的结果，该实验对 VAA 陈述上方标题的表述进行了操纵（条件 1：无标题；条件 2：右翼标题，例如金融；条件 3：左翼标题，例如自然与环境）。该 VAA 是为荷兰第四大城市乌得勒支开发的，访问者被随机引导至标题类型不同的工具版本之一。结果（基于 N 受访者=27404）表明，与没有标题的情况相比，提供标题（左翼或右翼）会导致更多的左翼回答。然而，这种影响仅在政治素养较低的受访者中观察到。
