Molina Del Río Jahaziel, Guevara Miguel Angel, Hernández González Marisela, Hidalgo Aguirre Rosa María, Cruz Aguilar Manuel Alejandro
Laboratorio de Neuropsicología, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km. 45.5, C.P. 46600, Ameca, Jalisco, México.
Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo, 180. Col. Arcos-Vallarta, C.P. 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2019 Aug;19(4):1036-1046. doi: 10.3758/s13415-019-00703-5.
Solving logical-mathematical word problems is a complex task that requires numerous cognitive operations, including comprehension, reasoning, and calculation. These abilities have been associated with activation of the parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortices. It has been suggested that the reasoning involved in solving logical-mathematical problems requires the coordinated functionality of all these cortical areas. In this study was evaluated the activation and electroencephalographic (EEG) correlation of the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal regions in young men while solving logical-mathematical word problems with two degrees of difficulty: simple and complex. During the solving of complex problems, higher absolute power and EEG correlation of the alpha and fast bands between the left frontal and parietal cortices were observed. A temporal deactivation and functional decoupling of the right parietal-temporal cortices also were obtained. Solving complex problems probably require activation of a left prefrontal-parietal circuit to maintain and manipulate multiple pieces of information. The temporal deactivation and decreased parietal-temporal correlation could be associated to text processing and suppression of the content-dependent reasoning to focus cognitive resources on the mathematical reasoning. Together, these findings support a pivotal role for the left prefrontal and parietal cortices in mathematical reasoning and of the temporal regions in text processing required to understand and solve written mathematical problems.
解决逻辑数学文字问题是一项复杂的任务，需要进行大量认知操作，包括理解、推理和计算。这些能力与顶叶、颞叶和前额叶皮质的激活有关。有人提出，解决逻辑数学问题所涉及的推理需要所有这些皮质区域的协同功能。在本研究中，评估了年轻男性在解决具有简单和复杂两种难度的逻辑数学文字问题时前额叶、颞叶和顶叶区域的激活情况以及脑电图（EEG）相关性。在解决复杂问题的过程中，观察到左额叶和顶叶皮质之间α波和快波频段的绝对功率和EEG相关性更高。还发现右侧顶叶 - 颞叶皮质存在时间去激活和功能解耦。解决复杂问题可能需要激活左侧前额叶 - 顶叶回路以维持和处理多条信息。时间去激活以及顶叶 - 颞叶相关性降低可能与文本处理以及抑制依赖内容的推理有关，以便将认知资源集中于数学推理。总之，这些发现支持了左侧前额叶和顶叶皮质在数学推理中起关键作用，以及颞叶区域在理解和解决书面数学问题所需的文本处理中起关键作用。
