An increasing number of publications had reported the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and esophageal cancer (EC) risk in the past decades. Results from these publications were controversial. We used PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science to identify meta-analysis articles published before 30 July 2018, that summarize a comprehensive investigation for cumulative evidence of genetic polymorphisms of EC and its subtype risk. Two methods, Venice criteria and false-positive report probability (FPRP) tests, were used to assess cumulative evidence of significant associations. At last, 107 meta-analyses were considered to be in conformity with the inclusion criteria, yielding 51 variants associated with EC or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Thirty-eight variants were considered to be nominally significant associated with risk of EC or ESCC, whereas the rest showed non-association. In additional, five variants on five genes were rated as strong cumulative epidemiological evidence for a nominally significant association with EC and ESCC risk, including CYP1A1 rs1048943, EGF rs444903, HOTAIR rs920778, MMP2 rs243865, and PLCE1 rs2274223, 10 variants were rated as moderate, and 18 variants were rated as weak. Additionally, 17 SNPs were verified noteworthy in six genomewide association studies (GWAS) using FPRP methods. Collectively, this review offered a comprehensively referenced information with cumulative evidence of associations between genetic polymorphisms and EC and ESCC risk.