Gerba Charles P, Goyal Sagar M
Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
J Food Prot. 1978 Sep;41(9):743-754. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-41.9.743.
During feeding, bivalve mollusks (oysters, mussels and clams) can accumulate pathogenic human enteric viruses when present in sewage-polluted seawater. It has been well established that infectious hepatitis virus is transmitted by consumption of raw or inadequately cooked shellfish. But because of the lack of epidemiologic techniques, transmission of other enteric viruses by shellfish has not been established. Other enteric viruses, such as polio, echo, coxsackie and reo, have been detected in shellfish. Enteroviruses have been detected in shellfish taken from both "open" and "closed" areas, based on bacteriological standards used at present in the United States. Field and laboratory studies have indicated that enteric viruses can survive for long periods in seawater and in shellfish. Recent advances in methodology have led to development of more rapid and less expensive methods for detection of a greater number of enteric viruses in shellfish.
在摄食过程中，双壳贝类（牡蛎、贻贝和蛤）如果生活在受污水污染的海水中，就会积累致病性人类肠道病毒。食用生的或未充分煮熟的贝类会传播传染性肝炎病毒，这一点已经得到充分证实。但由于缺乏流行病学技术，贝类传播其他肠道病毒的情况尚未得到证实。在贝类中已检测到其他肠道病毒，如脊髓灰质炎病毒、埃可病毒、柯萨奇病毒和呼肠孤病毒。根据美国目前使用的细菌学标准，在“开放”和“封闭”区域采集的贝类中都检测到了肠道病毒。现场和实验室研究表明，肠道病毒可在海水和贝类中长期存活。方法学上的最新进展已导致开发出更快速、更廉价的方法，用于检测贝类中更多种类的肠道病毒。
