Kaspar Charles W, Tartera Carmen
University of Maryland, Department of Microbiology, College Park, MD, USA.
Methods Microbiol. 1990;22:497-531. doi: 10.1016/S0580-9517(08)70253-8. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
Newly developed methods for the detection of bacteria and viruses have provided microbiologists with the means to rapidly identify and monitor specific microorganisms in food and water. Traditional methods of testing involve culture techniques to increase the numbers of the organism to a detectable level, followed by isolation and biochemical identification. This chapter focuses on the methodologies to detect pathogens and indicator organisms; however, the methods described are applicable to most bacteria. As detection and isolation methods have improved, a growing number of pathogens have been identified as important food- and waterborne pathogens. This chapter describes the use of nucleic acid and antibody probes that have the potential to circumvent the need to culture the organism prior to identification. Nucleic acid probes have become a valuable diagnostic reagent in the identification of human and animal pathogens and have made possible the identification of viruses and bacteria that are difficult, if not impossible, to cultivate. DNA probes have also proved to be a useful tool for identifying and monitoring the organisms in food and the environment.
新开发的细菌和病毒检测方法为微生物学家提供了快速识别和监测食品和水中特定微生物的手段。传统的检测方法包括培养技术，以将生物体数量增加到可检测水平，然后进行分离和生化鉴定。本章重点介绍检测病原体和指示生物的方法；然而，所描述的方法适用于大多数细菌。随着检测和分离方法的改进，越来越多的病原体被确定为重要的食源性病原体和水源性病原体。本章介绍了核酸和抗体探针的使用，这些探针有可能避免在鉴定前培养生物体的需要。核酸探针已成为鉴定人类和动物病原体的有价值的诊断试剂，并使鉴定即使不是不可能培养也很困难的病毒和细菌成为可能。DNA探针也被证明是识别和监测食品和环境中生物体的有用工具。
