1 Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
2 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Health Educ Behav. 2019 Aug;46(4):592-601. doi: 10.1177/1090198119831749. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Many researchers and authorities have recognized the important role that sports clubs can play in public health. In spite of attempts to create a theoretical framework in the early 2000s, a thorough understanding of sports clubs as a setting for health promotion (HP) is lacking. Despite calls for more effective, sustainable, and theoretically grounded interventions, previous literature reviews have identified no controlled studies assessing HP interventions in sports clubs. This systematic mapping review details how the settings-based approach is applied through HP interventions in sports clubs and highlights facilitators and barriers for sports clubs to become health-promoting settings. In addition, the mapped facilitators and barriers have been used to reformulate previous guidelines of HP in sports clubs. Seven databases were searched for empirical research published between 1986 and 2017. Fifty-eight studies were included, principally coming from Australia and Europe, describing 33 unique interventions, which targeted mostly male participants in team sports. The settings-based approach was not yet applied in sports clubs, as more than half of the interventions implemented in sports club targeted only one level of the socio-ecological model, as well as focused only on study participants rather than the club overall. Based on empirical data, the analysis of facilitators and barriers helped develop revised guidelines for sports clubs to implement settings-based HP. This will be particularly useful when implementing HP initiatives to aid in the development of sports clubs working with a whole setting approach.
许多研究人员和权威机构已经认识到体育俱乐部在公共卫生方面可以发挥的重要作用。尽管在 21 世纪初尝试建立了理论框架，但对于体育俱乐部作为健康促进（HP）场所的透彻理解仍然缺乏。尽管呼吁采取更有效、可持续和有理论基础的干预措施，但以前的文献综述没有发现评估体育俱乐部中 HP 干预措施的对照研究。本系统综述详细说明了如何通过体育俱乐部中的 HP 干预措施应用基于场所的方法，并强调了体育俱乐部成为促进健康场所的促进因素和障碍。此外，所映射的促进因素和障碍已被用于重新制定以前的体育俱乐部 HP 指南。从 1986 年到 2017 年，在七个数据库中搜索了发表的实证研究。共纳入 58 项研究，主要来自澳大利亚和欧洲，描述了 33 个独特的干预措施，主要针对团队运动中的男性参与者。基于场所的方法尚未在体育俱乐部中应用，因为体育俱乐部中实施的干预措施中有一半以上仅针对社会生态模式的一个层面，并且仅关注研究参与者而不是整个俱乐部。基于实证数据，对促进因素和障碍的分析有助于为体育俱乐部制定实施基于场所的 HP 的修订指南。当实施 HP 计划以帮助发展采用整体场所方法的体育俱乐部时，这将特别有用。
