Timm Anne, van Hoye Aurelie, Sharp Paul, Helms Andersen Tue, Hansen Louise, Nautrup Østergaard Jane, Krustrup Peter, Cortsen Kenneth, Iversen Peter Bindslev, Rod Morten Hulvej, Demant Klinker Charlotte
Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev 2730, Denmark.
UMR1319 Interdisciplinarité en Santé Publique, Intervention et Instruments de Mesures Complexes, University of Lorraine, Villers-les-Nancy 54600, France; Physical Activity for Health research cluster, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland.
J Sport Health Sci. 2024 Aug 30;14:100969. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100969.
Health promotion (HP) interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men, but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.
A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases.
(a) were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs, (b) targeted men aged 18+ years, and (c) reported 1 or more HP outcomes. A grey literature search was also performed. Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor. Hereafter, context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations were developed.
We identified and screened 3358 studies, finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions. Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries, included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity, and used professional sports clubs (mostly football) for recruitment and facilities. Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions. Of these 19 interventions, the majority reported on weight (n = 18), physical activity (n = 12), mental health (n = 10), and diet (n = 9). We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment, engagement, and health behavior maintenance.
Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men. Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs' identity, addressing masculinity-related barriers, improving accessibility, and building trust. Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences, safe spaces, inclusive competition, and self-efficacy. However, there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention, though involving community stakeholders seemed vital. In general, considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms, which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. These findings can guide intervention development, emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.
通过体育俱乐部开展的健康促进（HP）干预措施在男性中已显示出有前景的效果，但对于这些干预措施的哪些方面有效、对谁有效以及在何种情况下有效，人们了解较少。这项快速现实主义综述旨在了解通过体育俱乐部对男性实施的HP干预措施的背景、机制和结果。
2023年2月对MEDLINE、Embase和SPORTDiscus数据库中2013年后发表的研究进行了系统的文献检索。
（a）由体育俱乐部或与体育俱乐部合作开展；（b）目标人群为18岁及以上男性；（c）报告了1项或多项HP结果。还进行了灰色文献检索。根据丰富性和严谨性将研究纳入现实主义综合分析。此后，构建了背景-机制-结果（CMO）配置。
我们识别并筛选了3358项研究，最终纳入了59项描述22项干预措施的研究。大多数HP干预措施在高收入国家开展，目标人群为年龄在35 - 65岁、超重/肥胖的白人男性，且利用专业体育俱乐部（主要是足球俱乐部）进行招募和提供设施。19项干预措施报告了定量的HP结果。在这19项干预措施中，大多数报告了体重（n = 18）、身体活动（n = 12）、心理健康（n = 10）和饮食（n = 9）方面的结果。我们识别出了13种与HP干预措施如何影响男性招募、参与和健康行为维持相关的CMO。
我们的研究结果表明，利用体育俱乐部进行HP干预措施对吸引男性参与是有效的。利用体育俱乐部的身份认同、解决与男子气概相关的障碍、提高可及性以及建立信任有助于招募。通过共享身份体验、安全空间、包容性竞争和自我效能感增强了参与度。然而，关于干预后行为维持的证据有限，尽管让社区利益相关者参与似乎至关重要。总体而言，应考虑避免使传统男性规范永久化，因为这可能会排除一些男性并强化不健康行为。这些研究结果可为干预措施的制定提供指导，强调在这一过程中需要考虑男性的观点。
