Clinical Nutrition Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Center Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
World J Pediatr. 2019 Apr;15(2):190-197. doi: 10.1007/s12519-019-00226-6. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Human milk banks (HMB) have been established for over 100 years in North America and Europe. This study aimed to describe and summarize the operation and characteristics of the HMBs in mainland China since the first nonprofit HMB operated in 2013.
Operation of HMB in mainland China is based on the standards and guidelines of the Human Milk Banking Association of North America and some countries in Europe and was modified to meet the needs and circumstances in China such as donation only in the local HMB by medical staff. We reviewed the descriptive data of these 14 HMBs and the clinical characteristics of recipients, the eligible milk donors and the donor milk retrospectively.
In mainland China, from March 2013 to December 2016, 14 nonprofit HMBs were developed and operational in public hospitals except one and located in the south, east, north and northwest of mainland China. In total, 2680 eligible donors donated 4608.2 L of breast milk. The mean age of these donors was 29.4 years with 60.6% receiving college education and 90.6% term delivery. A total of 4678 recipients including preterm infants (n = 2990, 63.9%), feeding intolerance (n = 711, 15.2%), maternal illness (n = 345, 7.4%), serious infection (n = 314, 6.7%), necrotising enterocolitis (n = 244, 5.2%), post-surgery (n = 38, 0.8%) and others (n = 36, 0.8%). The rate of discarded raw milk was only 4.4% because of hepatitis B and C or cytomegalovirus positivity.
HMB has been developing rapidly in mainland China. Donor human milk was used not only for preterm infants but also for other ill children. But the sustainability of milk banking needs proper management and more financial support by relative health authorities and the government.
人类母乳库（HMB）在北美和欧洲已经建立了 100 多年。本研究旨在描述和总结自 2013 年首家非营利性 HMB 运营以来，中国大陆 HMB 的运作和特点。
中国大陆 HMB 的运作基于北美母乳库协会和一些欧洲国家的标准和指南，并进行了修改，以满足中国的需求和情况，例如仅由医务人员在当地 HMB 进行捐赠。我们回顾性地审查了这 14 家 HMB 的描述性数据以及接受者、合格供体奶者和供体奶的临床特征。
在中国，从 2013 年 3 月至 2016 年 12 月，除一家外，其余 14 家非营利性 HMB 在公立医院发展并运营，分布在中国大陆的南部、东部、北部和西北部。共有 2680 名合格供体捐赠了 4608.2 升母乳。这些供体的平均年龄为 29.4 岁，其中 60.6%接受过大学教育，90.6%为足月分娩。共有 4678 名接受者，包括早产儿（n=2990，63.9%）、喂养不耐受（n=711，15.2%）、母亲疾病（n=345，7.4%）、严重感染（n=314，6.7%）、坏死性小肠结肠炎（n=244，5.2%）、手术后（n=38，0.8%）和其他（n=36，0.8%）。由于乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎或巨细胞病毒阳性，丢弃的原料奶率仅为 4.4%。
HMB 在中国大陆发展迅速。人乳不仅用于早产儿，也用于其他患病儿童。但母乳库的可持续性需要相关卫生部门和政府的适当管理和更多的财政支持。
